Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica

AutorGuillermo Levy
Páginas75-91
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
75
(Q&KLOHFRQXQSURFHVRGHDQLTXLODPLHQWRVLVWHPiWLFR\FRQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQPDUFROHJLVODWLYRGHLPSXQLGDG
VHHVWiQUH DOL]DQGRGH VGHKDFHDO JXQRVDxRV YDULRVMXLF LRVTXHOOH YDQFHUFDG HFRQGH QDV(QJHQ HUDOVRQ
EDVWDQWHEDMDVSDUDHOWLSRGHGHOLWRVTXHVHMX]JD(Q8UXJXD\FRQXQDFDQWLGDGPXFKRPHQRUGHGHVDSDUHFLGRV
\DVHVLQDGRVTXH$UJHQWLQD\&KLOHODOH \GHFDGXFLGDGYHQtDLPSLGLHQGRODVXVWDQWDF LyQGHFDXVDVFXHVWLyQTXH
DKRUDHVWiH QGHEDWH/D SROtWLFDHQ %UDVLOFRQ XQRVHQ WUHDVHVLQDG RV\GHVSDUH FLGRVKDFR QVLVWLGRHQ ORV
~OWLPRVDxRVHQJDUDQWL]DUHOGHUHFKRDODYHUGDGVLQSODQWHDUDQXODUODOH\GHDPQLVWtDQLLQLFLDUSURFHVRVSRUHQFLPD
GHHVWDFRPRHQHOFDVRFKLOHQRDSHODQGRDODMXULVSUXGHQFLDLQWHUQDFLRQDO
(OLPSDFWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGH0DGUHV\$EXHODVGH3OD]DGH0D\RIXHGHXQDPDJQLWX GTXHQRWXYLHURQRWURVJUXSRV
GH'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVHQHOPXQGR$GHPiVHQYDULRVSDtVHVPDGUHVGHDVHVLQDGRV\GHVSDUHFLGRVKDQDGRSWD
GRHOVtPERORGHOSDxXHOREODQFR\GHODPDUFKDFLUFXODUDOUHGHGRUGHDOJXQDSOD]DSULQFLSDO
*XLOOHUPR/HY\
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina:
su importancia histórica y los debates
que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio.
Más que una discusión jurídica
$FDV LWU HLQWD DxRVGH ILQDOL]DGRVORV
KHFKRV\HQHOFRQWH[WRGHORVLPSRUWDQWt
VLPRVMXLFLRVDORVSODQLILFDGRUHV\HMHFX
WRUHVGHOJHQRFLGLRHQ$UJHQWLQDVRUSUHQ
GHODSRFDSUHVHQFLDPHGLiWLFDODHVFDVD
SDUWLFLSDFLyQDFDGpPLFD\ ODWDPELpQ HV
FDVDVDOYRH[FHSFLRQHVSUHVHQFLDVRFLDO
TXHWLHQHQ HVWRV SURFHVRVMXGLFLDOHVTX H
\DORJUDURQODFRQGHQDGHPiVGHUH
SUHVRUHVKDFLDILQHVGHODxR
8QDUiSLGD PLUDGDDQ XHVWURVSDtVHV
YHFLQRVSDUDDQDOL]DUFyPRKDQLGRUHVRO
YLHQGRHOGLOHPDMXVWLFLDLPSXQLGDGHQUH
ODFLyQDORVFUtPHQHVRFXUULGRVGXUDQWHVXV
~OWLPDVGLFWDGXUDVQRVPXHVWUDTXHQXHV
WURSDtVHVXQHVFHQDULR~QLFRHQWUHORVSDt
VHVTXHVXIULHURQJRELHUQRVUHSUHVLYRVHQ
ODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDV
'HODSUHVHQFLDDODLQGLIHUHQFLD
(Q$UJHQWLQDODVIRUPDVGHOXFKDFRQ
WUDOD LPSXQLGDGQRVRORIXHURQWHPSUDQD
\FU HFLHQWHPH QWH PDVL YDVVLQ RTXHKDQ
WHQLGRX QQ LYHO GHSURGXFFLyQVLP EyOL FD
TXHLPSDFWyPXFKRPiVDOOiGHQXHVWUDV
IURQWHUDV
'HVGHHOVXUJLPLHQWRGHHVHJUXSRWDQ
SDUWLFXOD U\ GHYDQ JXDUGLD SROt WLFD pWLFD
\HVWp WLFDFRPRVRQODV 0DGUHVGH 3OD]D
GH0D\RHQORVWHPSUDQRVSDVDQGR
SRUOD IRUPDFLyQGHODV $EXHODVGH3OD]D
GH0 D\R OD $VRFLDFLyQ GH([G HWHQLGRV
GHVDSDUHFLGRVHQ KDVWDELHQHQWUD
GRVORVQRYHQWDFRQODLUUXSFLyQHQIRUPD
RUJDQL]DGDGHORVKLMRVGHGHVDSDUHFLGRV
WUD\HQGRHVDPDUD YLOORVDFUH DFLyQ GHORV
HVFUDFKH VVHSX HGHVHxDODUXQDJUDQGL
YHUVLGD GGHH VSDFLRV\IRUPDVHQTXHVH
RUJDQL]ySDUWHGHODPLOLWDQFL DSRSXODUHQ
WRUQRDOHMH'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV
/DKLVWRULDGHODOXFKDSRUMXLFLR\FDV
WLJRFRQWUDORVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHODGHVDSD
ULFLyQ\DVHVLQDWRGHSDUWHGHXQDJHQHUD
FLyQGHDUJHQWLQRVWLHQHXQIXHUWHKLVWRULDO
GHGLVFX VLRQHV\IUDJPHQWDFLRQHVDOLQWH
76
Revista de Estudi os sobre Genocidio
'XUDQWH HOSULP HUSHUtRG RGHPRFU iWLFRW DQWROD IRUPDFLyQ GHOD &RQDGHSF RPRODS ULPHUDF DXVDHQ ODMXVWL FLD
PLOLWDUODLPSODQWDFLyQMXUtGLFD\FXOWXUD OGHODWHRUtDGHORVGRVGHPRQLRVHOMXLFLR DODVMXQWDV\ODVOH\HVGH3XQWR
)LQDO\2EHGLHQFLD'HELGDIXHURQORVJUDQGHVWHPDVTXHXQLHURQ\GLYLGLHURQDODPLOLWDQFLDGHORV''++
QRYHQWDODXQLILFDFLyQHQWRUQRDOUHSXGLRDORVLQGXOWRVGLRSDVRDQXHYDVGLIHUHQFLDVDSDUWLUGHODSURPXOJDFLyQGH
ODVOH\HVGHUHSDUDFLyQHFRQyPLFD\
'HVSXpVGHXQD HWDSDGHLPSRUWDQ WHVFRQYRFDWRULDV HQWRUQRDOHMH -XLFLR\&DVWLJR GHVGHILQHVGHO DGLFWDGXUD
VREUHYLQRXQDEDMD FRQSRVWHULRULGDGD ODFODXGLFDFLyQGHO JRELHUQRGH$OIRQVt QHQOD6HPDQD6DQWD GH\OD
SRVWHULRUVDQFLyQGHOD2EHGLHQFLD'HELGD$ODVXPLU0HQHPKXERXQDIXHUWHUHDFFLyQDQWHHOSULPHULQGXOWR\OXH
JRXQDVHQVLEOHEDMDHQHOLQWHUpVVREUHHOWHPDKDVWDHOYLJpVLPRDQLYHUVDULRGHOJROSHHQ
(QUHIHUHQFLDDODFULVLVSROtWLF D\VRFLDOGHVDWDGDHQGLFLHPEUHGH TXHFRQFOX\yFRQODUHQXQFLDG HO0LQLVWUR
GH(FRQRPtDHOGHGLFLHPEUH\ODGHOSUHVLGHQWH'HOD5~DHOGHMDQGRPiVGHWUHLQWDPXHUWRVHQWRGRHOSDtV
ULRUGHVREUHWRGRORVRUJDQLVPRVGH'H
UHFKRV+XPDQRVTXHKDQVLGRODYDQJXDU
GLDHQODLQVWDODFLyQGHODSUREOHPiWLFDGH
ODGLFWDGXUDHQODDJHQGDSROtWLFDQDFLRQDO
(QXQDPX\EUHYHKLVWRUL]DFLyQGHODV
GLVFXVLRQHVTXHGL YLGLHURQD ODPLOLWDQFL D
GH'H UHFKRV+XP DQRV SRGHP RVHQFRQ
WUDUG HEDWHVHQWRUQRDFyPRHQWHQ GHUHO
SHUtRGRGLFWDWRULDODOWHPDGHODE~VTXHGD
GHORVFXHUSRVGHORVGHVDSDUHFLGRVDGL
IHUHQFLDVDFHUFDGHFyPRUHODFLRQDUVHFRQ
ORVSRGHUHVGHO(VWDGRWDQWRHQHOJRELHUQR
GH$OIRQVtQFRPRHQHOGH&DUORV0HQHP
$SHVDUGHHQRUPHVPDWLFHV\GLIHUHQ
FLDVTXHYHQtDQVXUJLHQGRDOFDORUGHHVRV
DxRV\SRUHQFLPDLQFOXVLYH GHFRQY RFD
WRULDV\PRYLOL]DFLRQHVHQIRUPDVHSDUDGD
KDVWDHODxRODDJHQGDGHOUHSXGLRD
ODLPSXQLGDGHUDXQDFRQVLJQDTXHXQLILFD
EDDPX\GLYHUVDVH[SUHVLRQHVSROtWLFDV\
VRFLDOHVSRUPiVTXHVHVLQWLHUDQFRQYR
FDGDVWUDVODVPLVPDVPRYLOL]DFLRQHVRQR
/DOXFKDFRQWUDODLPSXQLGDGGHODGLF
WDGXUD\ODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHODGHPDQGDGH
MXVWLFLDIUHQWHDQXHYRVKHFKRVGHDVHVLQD
WRVSROLFLDOHVHQODGHPRFUDFLDIXHGHVGH
ORVRFKHQWD\SULQFLSLRVGHORVQRYHQWD²D
SHVDUGHVXVIOXFWXDFLRQHVHQHOVHQWLGRGH
PD\RU RPHQRUF RQYRFDWRULDHQGLVWLQWRV
PRPHQWRV²SDUWHGHXQDDJHQGD FHQWUDO
GHGLYHUVDVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVSROtWLFDVVRFLD
OHVFXOWXUDOHV\HVWXGLDQWLOHV(QHVRVDxRV
GHOH\HV\GHFUHWRVTXHFHUUDURQFDVLWRGD
SRVLELOLGDGGHMXVWLFLDHVWDGLVSXWDHUDXQ
WHPDSUHVHQWHHQODPLOLWDQFLDSROtWLFDSRSX
ODU\WDPELpQHVSHFtILFDPHQWHXQLYHUVLWDULD
(VWDGHPDQGDFRP~QXQLILFDEDXQKR
UL]RQWHHQWUHGLYHUVDVH[SUHVLRQHVTXHQR
JHQHUDEDQLQJXQDRWUDFXHVWLyQSROtWLFD(Q
ODHQRUPHPRYLOL]DFLyQSRUORVYHLQWH
DxRVGHOJROS HPLOLWDUIXHODFULVWDOL]DFLyQ
GHODXQLGDGHQODGLYHUVLGDG(VHDxRLP
SOLFyXQPRPHQWRGHFOLYDMHGHGHVSHUWDU
GHQWURGHXQDGpFDGDIUtYRODHLQGLIHUHQWH
GpFDGDTXHSDUHFtDKDEHUSURIXQGL]DGROD
WUDQVIRUPDFLyQGH$UJHQWLQDHQXQVHQWLGR
PiVKRQGRTXHOD\DLQLFLDGDSRUODGLFWD
GXUDGH
(VWDPDV LYD PRYL OL]DFLyQIXH FRQYR
FDG D SRU ORV RUJ DQL VPRV GH 'HU HFK RV
+XPDQRVFRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQXQDHQRUPH
FDQWLGDGGHGLYHUVRVJUXSRVSROtWLFRVVR
FLDOHVVLQGLFDOHVEDUULDOHV\HVWXGLDQWLOHV
DUWLFXODGRVSRUODUHFLHQWHPHQWHDSDUHFLGD
&7$6 HXQLHURQFHUFDG HFLHQPLO SHUVR
QDV WDQW RH OFRPR HO GH0DU]RGH
GiQGROHDVtXQDQXHYDYLWDOLGDGDOD
OXFKDFRQWUDXQDLPSXQLGDGTXHOXHJRGH
ODVOH\HV GH3XQWR)LQDO\ 2EHGLHQFLD'H
ELGD\ORVGRVLQGXOWRVGH0HQHPSDUHFtD
FRQVDJUDGDGHILQLWLYDPHQWH
$SDUWLUGHHVHDxRHQFDGDDQLYHUVD
ULRGHOGH0DU]RODVPRYLOL]DFLRQHVVH
KDQLGRFRQVWLWX\HQGRHQXQDWUDGLFLyQGH
HQFXHQWURGH PLOLWDQFLD GHWR GRWLSR\GH
JHQWHQRRUJDQL]DGDEDMRDOJ~QPRYLPLHQ
WRSROtWLFRRVRFLDO
(QHO  DDxRV GHO JROSH \HQ
YtVSHUDVGHODH[SORVLyQGHGLFLHPEUHXQD
QXHYDJUDQPRYLOL]DFLyQPRVWUyODLUUXSFLyQ
GHXQDHQRUPHSURSRUFLyQGHDGROHVFHQ
WHVQDFLGRVFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDODUHFXSH
UDFLyQGHODGHPRFUDFLD
&RQODDVXQFLyQGH1pVWRU.LUFKQHUVH
SURGXMHURQKHFKRVTXHSRFRVSRGtDQSUH
YHU6LELHQKDEtDDQWHFHGHQWHVGHDYDQFHV
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
77
LPSR UWDQ WHV²O RV SURFHVD PLHQ WRVSR UH O
URERGHEHEpVODGHURJDFLyQGHODVOH\HV
GHLPSXQLGDGHQVLQHIHFWRVUHWURDFWL
YRV\HOIDOORGHLQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGGHHV
WDVHQ ²ODDQXODFLyQHQHO&RQJUHVR
GHODVOH\HVGH3XQWR)LQDO\ 2EHGLHQFLD
'HELGDHQDJRVWRGHOSHUPLWLyTXHVH
UHDEULHUDQODVFDXVDVFRQXQGHEDWHMXUtGL
FRFRPRWUDVIRQGR
(OGHPDU]RGH O  YLPRV D XQ
3UHVLGHQWHGHOD1DFLyQKDFLHQGRUHWLUDUHO
FXDGURGH9LGHODGHO&RO HJLR0 LOLWDU\FH
UUDQGRXQDFWRHQODVSXHUWDVGHOD(VPD
(Qp OSURQXQ FLy XQ GLVF XUVRTXH URPStD
ODQ]DVFRQHO WLSRGH LPSXJQDFLyQD HVD
HWDSD TXHVH KDEtDLQVWDOD GRH QOD&DVD
5RVD GD GHVG HH OJ RELHUQR GH $O IRQV tQ
/DVWUDQVIR UPDFLRQHVH UDQF RQFUHWDVHQ
WpUPLQRV MXUtGLFRV\SROtWLFRVFR QODDSHU
WXUDGH FDXVDV\HQWpUPLQRVVLPEyOLFRV
FRQHO FDPELRGHOWLSR GHU HODWR GHVGHHO
SRGHUSROtWLFR
6LELHQODGHQXQFLDHQWpUPLQRVOHJDOLV
WDVRGHPRFUDWLVWDVTXHFRQGLVWLQWRVPD
WLFHVKDEtDQHVJULPLGR$OIRQVtQ0HQHP\
'HOD5~DGDEDOXJDUDODFRQGHQDSROtWLFD
GHOD~OWLP DGLFWDGXUDQR H[LVWt DUHL YLQGL
FDFLyQGHODJHQHUDFLyQDQLTXLODGDTXHVt
KDFHHOJRELHUQRQDFLRQDOGHVGHHO
&RPH Q]y OHQWDP HQWH ODDSHUW XUDGH
ODV FDX VDV MXGLFLDOHV \ DO WLH PSRDSDUH
FLHU RQ ODVSULPHU DV FRQGHQD V SRFDV D
FXHQWDJRW DV SHUR FUHFLHQGR DxR DD xR
$XQFRQ ORVSUREOH PDV T XH VH S XHG HQ
SODQWH DU²D XVHQFLDGH WULEX QDOHVDGKRF
QHJDWLYDG HOR VMXHFHV DDEULUMXLFLRVSR U
FDPSRV\ODSRFDSURWHFFLyQDORVWHVWLJRV
ORTXHFRPRFDVRHPEOHPiWLFR SURGX
FHODGHVDSDUL FLyQ GH -X OLR /yS H]² O DV
FDXVDVDYDQ]DQ\HOHVFHQDULRGHKR\HUD
LPSHQVDGRKDFHVRORDxRV(QORV~OWL
PRVPHVHVXQDDFWLWXGPiVGHWHUPLQDQWH
GHO3RGHU(MHFXWLYRVXPDGDDX QFDPE LR
HQODFRPSRVLFLyQ\SRVLFLRQDPLHQWRGHOD
&iPDUDGH&DVDFLyQ3HQDOVXSRQHODDFH
OHUDFLyQGHODVFDXVDV D~QSHQGLHQWHVHQ
HVWRVDxRV
$SHV DUG HKDEHUV LGRXQDGHPDQGD
VRFLDOLPSRUWDQWHHQ HO SDVDGRKR \HVWD
WHPiWLFDHVWiSUiFWLFDPHQWHDXVHQWHGHOD
DJHQGDWDQWRGH XQLYHUVLG DGHV FRPR RU
JDQL]DFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\SDUWLGRVSROtWLFRV
6XPDGRHVWRDODSRFDSUHVHQFLDPHGLiWL
FDGHORVSURFHVRV²VDOYRFXDQGRKD\XQD
FRQGHQDUHSUHVHQWDWLYDTXHHVFXDQGRORV
PHGLRVKDF HQFREHUWXUDV PiVLPSRUWDQ
WHV\HOWHPDSDVDD VHUFHQWUDOSRUXQRV
GtDV²WRGRFRQ WULEX\HD ODFR QVWUXFFLyQ
GHXQDLQGLIHUHQFLDVRFLDOFRQUHVSHFWRD
HVWHWHPDDSHVDUGHTXHQXHVWURVMXLFLRV
VRQSUiFWLFDPHQWH~QLFRVHQHOPXQGR
(QHOSODQRDFDGpPLFRVDOYRDOJXQDV
H[FHSFLRQHVODDSHUWXUDGHSURFHVRV\HO
FRPLHQ]RGHOILQGHODLPSXQLGDGQRVHKDQ
FRQYHUWLGRH QXQ KHFKR DVHUREVHU YDGR
HVWXGLDGRGLIXQGLGR\DSR\DGRSRUODVXQL
YHUVLGDGHVQDFLRQDOHV
1RVHSXHGH QVRVOD\DU HQHV WDSDUD
GRMD²ODGHPDQGDGHMXVWLFLDHQPRPHQWRV
GHLPSRVLELOLGDG\ODL QGLIHUHQFLDFXDQGR
VHYHQ ORVIUXWRVGHWDQWDVPLFUR\PDFUR
OXFKDV²ORVSRVLFLRQDPLHQWRVDIDYRU\HQ
FRQWUDGHOJRELHUQRQDFLRQDODFWRUFHQWUDO
GHOFDPELRHQODVLWXDFLyQ/DVHVSHFXOD
FLRQHVHQFXDQWRDHVWRVSRVLFLRQDPLHQ
WRVSXHGHQ H[SOLF DUHQJUDQPHGLG DHVWH
KHFKR
/DLPSXQLGDGHVGHYDVWDGRUD1RVROR
SRU HOGR ORUSH UPDQHQW HG H IDPL OLDUHV \
RWUDVSHUVRQDVFHUFDQDVDODVYtFWLPDVGL
UHFWDVTXHQRSXHGHQVDEHU HOGHVWLQRGH
VXVVHUHVTXHULGRVVLQRWDPELpQSRUWHQHU
TXHFRQ YLYLUFRQORV DVHVLQRVHQ OLEHUWDG
$VLPLVPRSURGXFHXQVLQQ~PHURGHHIHF
WRV HO GHELOLWDP LHQW RGH OD GHPRFUDFLD
UHGXFLHQGRVXVSRVLELOLGDGHVGH DFFLyQ\
/DLQVWDODF LyQGHODW HRUtDGHORV GRVGHPRQLR VFRPRUHODW RGHUHSXGLR DOSDVDGRG LFWDWRULDOS HURTXHDO PLVPR
WLHPSRLQWHQWyLJXDODUHOWHUURUHVWDWDOFRQODPLOLWDQFLDSRSXODU\UHYROXFLRQDULDGHORVVHWHQWD
0HUHILHURDOLPSDFWRSURGXFLGRSR UODVFRQGHQDVHQODFDXVD(60$FDPS RGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQGRQGHSDUWLFLSDURQ
DOJXQRVGHORVSRFRVUHSUHVRUHVLGHQWLILFDGRVSRUODRSLQLyQS~EOLFDFRPR$OIUHGR$VWL]RHO´7LJUHµ$FRVWD
78
Revista de Estudi os sobre Genocidio
KDFLHQGRGHVDSDUHFHUODVH[SHFWDWLYDVUH
SDUDGRUDVTXHHVWDKDE tDFUHDGROD UHOH
JLWLPDFLyQGHJHQRFLGDVTXHVHYROYLHURQ
GHPRFUiWLFDPHQWHHOHJLEOHVFRPR$QWRQLR
%XVVL $OGR 5LFRR/XLV3DWWL TXHQXQFD
GHMDURQGHUHLYLQGLFDUVXDFWXDFLyQGXUDQWH
ODUHSUHVLyQ
¢4Xp GH OLWR VH SX HGHFRQGHQDU FRQ
OHJLWLPLGDGVL ORVTXH VHFXHVWUDURQ WRUWX
UDURQYLRODURQ\DVHVLQDURQVRQLPSXQHV"
¢&XiOHV HOSLVRSDUDFRQVWUXLUXQDVRFLH
GDGPi VMXVWDFXD QGRHOSDVD GRQRHVWi
VDOGDGR\VXVKHULGDVVXSXUDQWRGRHOWLHP
SR"¢4XpOtPLWHVHSXHGHSRQHUDORVVHF
WRUHVGHSRGHUFXDQGRTXLHUDQEDUUHUFRQ
TXLVWDVGHPRFUiWLFDVVLWRGRVVXVFUtPHQHV
DQWHULRUHVSHUPDQHFHQVLQFRQGHQD"
/DLPSXQLGDGQRHVVRORSUREOHPDGH
XQDPDODUHVROXFLyQGHOSDVDGRHVXQOtPL
WHSDUDODFRQVROLGDFLyQGHFXDOTXLHUFRQ
TXLVWDGHPRFUiWLFDSUHVHQWH\IXWXUD
(MHPSORGHHVWRVRQORVMXLFLRV\VHQ
WHQFLDVTXHVHYLHQHQVXFHGLHQGR7LHQHQ
HOVHQWLGRGHUHSDUDFLyQLQGLYLGXDO\VRFLDO
\VH HUL JHQ HQXQSLVR GHS RVLELOLGD GGH
RWUDVF RQTXLVWDVGHPRFUiWLFDV(VWRVMXL
FLRVWDPELpQVRQXQWHFKRXQDDGYHUWHQ
FLDDXQTXHPRGHUDGDSDUDORVVHFWRUHV
GHSRGHUUHDOTXH\DQRWLHQHQJDUDQWL]DGD
ODLPSXQLGDGLQILQLWDFRPRODKDQWHQLGRD
ORODUJRGHODKLVWRULDDUJHQWLQD
&RPRXQHOHPHQWRPiV GH HVWD SD
UDGRMD HQODTXHODIXHUWHSUHVHQFLDGHOD
GHPDQGDGHMXVWLFLDHQDxRVGHLPSXQLGDG
FRQWU DVWDFRQHO SRFR LQW HUpVH[S UHVDG R
SRUODPD\RUtDGHODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVGHOD
VRFLHGDGFLYLOHQOD DFWXDOLGDGORVMXLFLRV
HQ$UJHQWLQDVRQPLUDGRVFRQPXFKDPiV
DWHQFLyQHQHOH[WHULRUTXHHQHOSDtV6RQ
SRFRVORVDQWHFHGHQWHVHQORVTXHXQJR
ELHUQR MX]JDORVFUtPHQHVFRPHWLGRV SRU
IXHU]DVTXHGHWHQWDURQHOSRGHUHQVXSUR
SLR( VWDGR (VWRVMXLFLRV²FR QWRGDVV XV
OLPLWDFLRQHV²VRQKLVWyULFRVSDUDHOPXQGR
(QHOPDUFRGHHVWDQRYHGDGQDFLRQDO
\PXQGLDOTXHVHSURGXFHHQ$UJHQWLQDVH
YLHQHQGHVDUUROODQGRGLVFXVLRQHVMXUtGLFR
SROtWLFDVTXHSRQHQDOSDtVGHQWURGHOGH
EDWHPXQGLDOVREUHFyPRFDUDWXODUMX]JDU
\FRQGHQDUGHWHUPLQDGRVFUtPHQHV
/DSURGXFFLyQTXHVHGD GHVGHDOJX
QDVXVLQDV DFDGpPLFDV TXHDLVODGDPHQ
WHDSR\DQORVSURFHVRVHQXQDYHUGDGHUD
SUD[LVGHH[WHQVLyQXQLYHUVLWDULDKDWHQLGR
XQD IXHU WH UHSHUFXVLyQ HQ YDULDVFDXVD V
TXH VH HVWiQ V XVWDQFL DQG R 8QR GHO RV
WHPDVG HGLVFXVLyQDOLQWHULRUGHODVTXH
UHOOD VS HUR WDPELpQGHDOJXQDVIL VFDOt DV
\YDULRVGH ORVW ULEXQDOHVHQ FDUJDGRVGHO
SURFHV RHVDFH UFDGHOD YLDELOLGD GGHOD
FDUiWXOD& UtPHQ HVG H/HV D+XPD QLGDG R
*HQRFLGLRSDUDFDOLILFDUORVKHFKRVGHQXQ
FLDGRV\MX]JDGRV(VWHGHEDWHDGHPiVGH
ODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSXHGHJHQHUDUQRVWLHQH
TXHGDUOD SRVLELOLGDGGHSHQVDUPiVSUR
IXQGDPHQWH ODOHJLWLPLGDG OHJDOGHHVW RV
SURFHVRV\ORTXHHVWiHQMXHJRHQHOORV
(QHVHVHQWLGRHVSHUWLQHQWHKLVWRULDU
XQSRFRODFXHVWLyQ
'HOQD]LVPRDVXLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ
'HVXVFUtPHQHVDODMXULVSUXGHQFLD
LQWHUQDFLRQDO
(OI LQGHO D6HJXQG D*XHUUD0X QGLDO
SXVRDODYLVWDORVFUtPHQHVGHOQD]LVPR\
'RPLQJR%XVVLUHFLHQWHPHQWH IDOOHFLGR\FRQGHQDGRDPiVGH XQDFDGHQDSHUSHWXDIXQGyXQSD UWLGRSROtWLFRHQ
OD3URYLQFLDGH7XFXPiQTXHJREHUQyGXUDQWHODGLFWDGXUD\ IXHHOHFWRJREHUQDGRUDPHGLDGRVGHORVQRYHQWD6X
SDUWLGRSROtWLFRKR\HVODVHJXQGDIXHU]DHQODSURYLQFLD/XLV3DWWLKR\SURFHVDGRIXHHOHFWRLQWHQGHQWHGH(VFREDU
\VLJXHVLHQGRXQDSHUVRQDTXHJHQHUDFRQVHQVRHQVXGLVW ULWRGHOD]RQDQRUWHGHO*UDQ%XHQRV$LUHV$OGR5LFR
SURWDJRQLVWDGH ODUHEHOLyQGH 6HPDQD6DQWDG HQRVROR IXHHOHFWRLQWH QGHQWHGH6DQ0 LJXHO3URYLQFLD GH
%XHQRV$LUHVVLQRTXHOOHJyDVHUHOIXQFLRQDULRPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHOiUHDGHVHJXULGDGHQXQDJREHUQDFLyQMXVWLFLD
OLVWDGHODSURYLQFLD
/RVJUXSRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQTXHGL ULJH'DQLHO)HLHUVWHLQDSR\DQDFWLYD PHQWHDODVTXHUHOODVWUDEDMDQFRQW HVWLPR
QLRVFUX]DQGR\FRQVWUX\HQGRGDWRV\FRQODSURGXFFLyQGHPDUFRVWHyULFRVTXHKDQGDGRHOHPHQWRVSDUDPiVGH
XQIDOORFRQGHQDWRULR\DOHJDWRVGHDOJXQDVILVFDOtDV(OTXHWUDEDMDMXQWRD,QpV,]DJXLUUHSURGXMRHQXQIXQGD
PHQWDOOLEUR\SDUWLFLSyFRPRWHVWLJRGHFRQFHSWRHQODFDXVD$%2(VWRV VRQDOJXQRVHMHPSORVGHVGHOD)DFXOWDG
GH&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVGHOD8%$\OD8QLYHUVLGDGGH7UHVGH)HEUHUR
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
79
SURGXMRXQJUDQGHEDWHMXUtGLFR6XVFRQ
VHFXHQFLDVHQODMXULVSUXGHQFLDLQWHUQD
FLRQDOHVWiQGLUHFWDPHQWHYLQ FXODGDVFRQ
QXHVWURVMXLFLRVDORVUHSUHVRUHVGHOD~OWL
PDGLFWDGXUDPLOLWDU/RVGLVWLQWRVPRGHORV
LQWHUSUHWDWLYRVGHHVWHWHPDVLJXHQVLHQGR
PRWLYRGHFRQWURYHUVLD\OXFKDLGHROyJLFD
WHQLHQGRFDGDX QRP~OWLSOHVFRQVHFXHQ
FLDV SROtWLFDV TXHH[FHGHQ SRU PXFKRHO
PHURLQWHUpVKLVWRULRJUiILFR
'HVGHODVOtQHDVTXHSODQWHDQODXQLFL
GDGGHORVFUtPHQHVGHOQD]LVPRODLPSR
VLELOLGDGGHFRPSDUDUORVFRQRWURVSURFH
VRVGHH[WHUPLQLR\KDVWDODLPSRVLELOLGDG
LQFOXVLYHGHQDUUDUORVSDVDQGRSRURWUDV
TXHLQWHQWDQLQVHUWDUORGHQWURGHODKLVWRULD
PRGHUQD\RFFLGHQWDOKDVWDORVTXHHQHO
RWURH[WUHPREDQDOL]DQGRVXSDUWLFXODULGDG
\HVSHFLILFLGDGGLFHQTXHODKLVWRULDKXPD
QDHVWiSOD JDGDGHFUtPHQHVFRPR HVWH
KD\ XQDFDQWLGDGG HF HUWH ]DV TXH S DUD
HOLQWHUpVGH XQD PD\ RUF RPSUH QVLyQGH
ORRFXUULGRHQ$UJHQWLQD\GHVXVDFWXDOHV
SURFHVRVMXGLFLDOHVHVSHUWLQHQWHUHVDOWDU
(Q]R7UD YHUVRHQVXOLE UR/DY LROHQFLD
QD]LXQDJHQHDOR JtDHXURSHDSODQWHDHQ
DOJXQDPHGLGDTXHORTXHORVQD]LVKLFLH
URQH Q(X URSD QRG LVWy PXFKRGHORTXH
ORVHXURSHRVYHQtDQKDFLHQGRGHVGHKDFtD
GpFDGDVHQÉIULFD\$VLD&RQVWUX\HXQLQ
WHUHVDQWHYtQFXORHQWUHODYLROHQFLDQD]L\OD
YLROHQFLDFRORQ LDOGH (XURSD VREUHÉIULFD
$VLD\ 2FHDQtDHQWUHORVVLJORV;9,,,\;;
(VWDLGHDSHUPLWHSHQVDUHQHOHQRUPHUH
SXGLRTXHJHQHUDODSULPHUDIUHQWHDOVLOHQ
FLRHLPSXQLGDGHQTXHSHUVLVWHODVHJXQ
GD(VWRQRVLQWHUSHOD HQQXHVWUDVHQVLEL
GDGKLVWyULFDTXHQRORJUDDEDQGRQDUGHO
WRGRHOUDFLVPR
3DUDHOPXQGRPRGHUQRQRIXHWUiJLFD
ODPXHUWHGHPLOORQHVGHDIULFDQRV\DVLiWL
FRVTXLHQHVQRWLHQHQUHSDUDFLRQHV HFR
QyPLFDVQLGtDVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV\VtODGH
PLOORQHVG HHX URSHRV(VWDV HOHFF LyQGH
WUDJHGLDV LP SLGHFRO RFDU D ORV FUtPHQHV
QD]LVSRUIXHUDGHODQRYHGDGKLVWyULFDDE
VROXWD\SRQHUORVDMXJDUHQODKLVWRULDPR
GHUQDFRPRXQD YHUVLyQU DGLFD OL]DGDGHO
UDFLVPRHXURSHR(VWHHUD\DKHJHPyQLFR
HQODLQWHOHFWXDOLGDGRFFLGHQWDOGHVGHWLHP
SRDQ WHVGHOD 6HJXQGD *XHUUD0XQ GLDO
FRPRPX\ELHQGHVFULEH+DQQD$UHQGWHQ
/RV2UtJHQHVGHOWRWDOLWDULVPR
/DVSRWHQFLDVYHQFHGR UDVSUHVHQWDQ
DQWHHOPXQGRDOQD]LVPR\DVXVFUtPHQHV
FRPRVLQDQWHFHGHQWHVHQODKLVWRULDGHOD
KXPDQLGDGFRPRXQDSHUYHUVLyQ GHOFD
PLQRYLUWXRVRGHODPRGHUQLGDGRFFLGHQWDO
\FRPR XQK HFKRDLVODGR FX\DUHSHWLFLyQ
KD\TXHHYLWDU¢'HTXpPDQHUD"&RQPiV
PRGHUQL ]DF LyQ \ F RQ PHQRV (V WDG R (O
FDSLW DOLV PRO LEHU DOV HUi HQ HVWDQX HYD \
KHJHPyQLFDSHUF HSFLyQHODQW tGRWRDORV
H[WHUP LQLRVPDVL YRVO OHYDGRVD FDER SRU
JRELHUQRVTXHSRGUiQVHUFDOLILFDGRVFRQ
HOQXH YRFRQFHSWRGHPRGDHQOD*XHUUD
)UtD727$/,7$5,602
(QHOLQWHUUHJQRHQWUHHOILQGHOD*XH
UUD0XQGLDO\HOFRPLHQ]RGHOD*XHUUD)UtD
VHSUHVHQWD DO QD]LVPRFRPRHQIUHQWD GR
DOFDSLWDOLVPROLEHUDO\DOVRFL DOLVPR&RQ
HOLQLFLRGHOHQIUHQWDPLHQWR(VWH²2HVWHHO
FRQFHSWRWRWD OLWDULVPRHQHOGLVFXUVRLGHR
OyJLFRGHO RFFLGHQWHFDSLWDOL VWD DEDUFDUi
(QJHQHUDOHOQR SRGHUSHQVDUHOJHQRF LGLRQD]LFRPRSDUWH GHODKLVWRULDPRGHU QDHVSURGXFWRGHHV WDLQWHUSUH
WDFLyQ3DUDXQDGHVFU LSFLyQGHORVDXWRUHV\ WUDEDMRVGHHVWDOtQH DH[SOLFDWLYDYHU'DQLH O)HLHUVWHLQ(OJH QRFLGLR
FRPRSUiFWLFDVRFLDO(QWUHHOQD]LVPR\ODH[SHULHQFLDDUJHQWLQD%XHQRV$LUHV)&(6HJXQGDSDUWH&DS,9
(OLH:LVHOSUHPLR1REHOGH/LWHUDWXUD\VREUHYLYLHQWHGH$XVZLFKW]HVXQRGHORVH[SRQHQWHVGHODLQHQDUUDELOLGDG
´(OTXHQRHVWXYRHQ$XVZLFKW]QRSXHGHHQWUDU\HOTXHHVWXYRQRSXHGHVDOLUµHVXQDGHVXVIDPRVDVIUDVHVTXH
LOXVWUDODOtQHD
$XWRUHVTXHHQFDUQDQHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDSXHGHQVHU=LJPXQ%DXPDQ(Q]R7UDYHUVR,DQ.HUVKDZ*HRUJH0RVVH
3HWHU*HOODWHO\-HIIUH\+HUI\*RW]$OLHQWUHRWURV
)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQyPLFD
+DQQD$UHQGW/RVRUtJHQHVGHOWRWDOLWDULVPRFDSt WXORV,,\,9$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO(QHVWRVFDStWXORVU DVWUHDORV
RUtJHQHVHXURSHRVV REUHWRGRIUDQFHVHV HLQJOHVHVGHOUDFL VPRGLOX\HQGRODLGH DDFWXDOGHTXHHOU DFLVPR\HO
UDFLVPRHOLPLQDFLRQLVWDVRQXQDLQYHQFLyQGHORVDOHPDQHVQD]LV
80
Revista de Estudi os sobre Genocidio
GHVGHHOIDVFLVPR\HOQD]LVPRKDVWDHOVR
FLDOLVPRVRYLpWLFRLQFOX\HQGR(VWDGRVGHO
7HUFHU0XQGRFRQXQDIXHUWHGLUHFFLyQHV
WDWDO7RGRVHVWRVUHJt PHQHVVHUiQYLVWRV
HQIRUPDSRWHQFLDOFRPRSURGXFWR UHVGH
H[WHUPLQLRVPDVLYRVDSDUWLUGHODVXSXHVWD
SUHGRPLQDQFLDGHO(VWDGRVREUHHOLQGLYL
GXR(OHQHPLJRIDVFLVWDDKRUDVHPLPHWL
]DEDHQHOUHODWRRFFLGHQWDO\OLEHUDOGHOD
*XHUUD)UtDFRQHOYLHMR\QXHYRHQHPLJR
FRPXQLVWD
(QHVRVS RFRV DxRV DQW HVGHTXHOD
*XHUUD )UtD FRQG LFLRQD UDOD SROt WLFD LQWHU
QDFLRQDOHO L PSD FWR G HORVFDPSR V GH
H[WHUPLQLR\VXYLVLELOL]DFLyQHQIRUPDGHO
KRUURUPi[LPRSRVLEOHGHLPDJLQDUSURGX
MRODFUHDFLyQGHXQDMXVWLFLDWUDVQDFLRQDO
\GHODPDQRFDPEL RVLPSRUWDQWHV HQHO
GHUHFKRFRPRHOQDFLPLHQWRGHOGHUHFKR
LQWHUQDFLRQDO6XSURGXFWRSULQFLSDOVHUi
ODWLSLILFDFLyQGHWUHVQXH YRV GHOLW RV FUt
PHQHVFRQWUDO DSD]FUtPHQH VGHJXHUUD\
FUtPHQHVFRQWUDODKXPDQLGDGRGHOHVDKX
PDQLGDGFX\DQRYHGDGMXUtGLFDUDGLFDHQ
QRUHVSHWDUFLHUWRVSULQFLSLRVGHOGHUHFKR
SHQDOSDUDVXVHMHFXWRUHVODUHWURDFWLYLGDG
ODWHUULWRULDOLGDG\ODSUHVFULSFLyQ
(OFULPHQG HJ HQRF LGLR VH UiHQHVWD
SULPHU DHWDSDDPHGLDGRV GHODGpF DGD
GH XQ GHULYDGR GHO FULP HQG HOH VD
KXPDQLGDG(VWDVGRVWLSLILFDFLRQHVQDFHQ
MXQWDV\SRFRGLI HUHQFLDGDVFRQXQPDWL]
TXHVHLUiDJUDQGDQGRFRQHOWLHPSRDXQ
TXHQXQFDURPSHUiQDPDUUDVHQODOHJLVOD
FLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDO
3UHFLVD QGRXQSRFRPiVTXpLPSOLFD
FDGDXQD GH ODVILJXUDV SRGH PRV GHF LU
TXH FUtP HQHV FR QWUD OD KXP DQLG DGHQHO
(VWDWXWRGH1XUHPEHUJLQFOX\H´DVHVLQD
WR H[WHUPLQLRHVFODYLWXGGHSRUWDFLyQ\
RWURV DFWRVLQKXPDQRV FRP HWLGR VFRQ WUD
FXDOTX LHUS REODFL yQFL YLODQWHV RGXUDQWH
ODJXHUUDµ/DSDUWLFXO DULGDGGHJHQR FLGLR
LPSOLFD´SHUVHFXFLyQSRUPRWLYRVSROtWLFRV
UDFLDOHV RUHOLJLRV RVHQHMH FXFLyQGHRHQ
FRQH[LyQFRQFXDO HVTXLHUDGH ORVF UtPH
QHVEDMRODMXULVGLFFLyQGHO7ULEXQDOLQGH
SHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHVLFRQVWLWX\HQRQRXQD
YLRODFLyQGHOGHUHFKRLQWHUQRGHOSDtVGRQ
GHVHKXELHUHQSHUSHWUDGRµ
6H S XHG HQ HQF RQ WUD U PXFK DV P iV
FRQWLQXLGDGHVTXHUXSWXUDVFRQODKLVWRULD
PRGHUQDRFFLGHQWDOGHODTXHHOQD]LVPR
HVXQSURGXFWRSRVLEOH\OHJtWLPR/RVFUt
PHQHVGHOQD]LVPRWLHQHQDPLHQWHQGHU
SRFDVQRYHGDGHVKLVWyULFDV(QWUHHVWDV
SRGHPRVPHQFLRQDUORVFDPSRV GHFRQ
FHQWUDFLyQFRPRSURGXFWRGHOGLVHxRFRQ
FHQWUDFLRQDULRGHODVRFLHGD GTXHLPSOH
PHQWDHO(VWDGRQD]LGHVGH\OD6R
OXFLyQ)LQDOFRQVXSURGXFWRPiVDFDEDGR
SHURQR~QLFRORVFDPSRVGHH[WHUPLQLR
6XILQSULQFLSDOHUDHODQLTXLODPLHQWRPDVL
YRSODQLILFDGR\EXURFUiWLFRGHPLOORQHVGH
SHUVRQDVHQVXPD\RUtDMXGtRVHXURSHRV
(OH[WHUPLQLRHVKLMRGLOHFWRGHODOyJLFD
FRORQLDO\UDFLVWDILUPHHQ ODLGHDGHXQD
KXPDQLGDGGLYLG DHQHVSHFLHV ELROyJLFDV
GLIH UHQ WHVV XSHULRU HV H LQI HULRUHV FRQ
VLGHUDQGRDODUD] DE ODQF DH XURS HD FRQ
GHUHFKRVD ODFRQTXLVW DODH[SORWDFLyQ\
PXHUWHGHODVUD]DVLQI HULRUH VLQFDSDFHV
²VHJ~QHOSHQVDPLHQWRGRPLQDQWHGXUDQWH
WRGRHOVLJOR;,;\ SDUWHGHO ;;²GHFXDO
TXLHUIRUPDGHFLYLOL]DFLyQ
/DVPDWDQ]DVFRORQLDOHVDODVTXHV H
UHILHUH(Q]R7 UDYHUVRS DUD HVWDE OHFHU XQ
SXHQWHFRQHOQD]LVPRLPSOLFDQHOH[WHUPL
QLRGHXQRWURH[WHUQRHVGHFLUTXHHVHRWUR
FRQVLGHUDGRUDFLDOPHQWHLQIHULRUTXHSXH
'HVSXpVGHOD3UL PHUD*XHUUD0XQGLDOQ DFHHOFRQFHSWRGH FUtPHQHVGHJXHUUD\ DORVSRFRVDxRVVH KDFHQORV
DFXHUGRVGH*LQHEUDSD UDUHJXODU\OLPLWDUHO GDxRSURGXFLGRSRUODV JXHUUDVSHURODDUTXL WHFWXUDGHXQDMXVWLFLD
VXSUDQDFLRQDOHVSURGXFWRGHOILQGHOD6HJXQGD*XHUUD0XQGLDO
9HU(VWDWXWRGH1XUHPEHUJ
3DUDSHQVDU ORVHVWUHFKR VYtQFXORVHQ WUHODPRGHUQ LGDG\HOH[WH UPLQLRQD]L YHU=LJPXQ%D XPDQ0RGHUQLG DG\
+RORFDXVWR0DGULG6HTXLWXU
9HU*XLOOHUPR/HY\7RPiV%RURYLQVN\´$SXQWHVVREUHQRYHGDG\DUWLFXODFLyQµHQ'DQLHO)HLHUVWHLQFRPS*HQR
FLGLRODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHODPXHUWHHQODPRGHUQLGDG%XHQRV$LUHV(GXQWUHI
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
81
GHVHUHOLPLQDGR²\TXHGHKHFKRORVHUiD
ORODUJRGHPiVGHXQVLJORFRQODGHVDSD
ULFLy QIt VLFD GH HQWUH  \ PL OORQH VGH
SHUVRQDV²QRKDELWDHQHOPLVPRWHUULWRULR
TXHORVSHUSHWUDGRUHV
(OQD]LVPRLQFRUSRUDD ODOyJLFDGHOD
YLRO HQFL DF RORQ LDO OD HOL PLQD FLyQGHOR WUR
LQWHUQR (OFDPELRTXHLQWURG XFHHV YHUDO
RWURPiVTXHFRPRLQIHULRU²FRPRVXFHGtD
HQHOFDVR GH OR VS XHEORV FRO RQL] DGRV²
FRPRSHOLJURVR(VWHHVXQRGH ORVHO H
PHQWRVTXHG HMDQH QWUHYHUSXHQWHVHQ WUH
ODVSUiFWLFDV FHQWUDOHVGHO QD]L VPR\ORV
H[WHUPLQLRVUHDOL]DGRVEDMRODVJXHUUDVGH
FRQWUDLQVXUJHQFLDGpFDGDVGHVSXpV
/DLUUXSFLyQGHOD5HYROXFLyQ5XVD\GH
ODLQPLQHQFLDGHOFRPXQLVPRLQVWDOyHQORV
SDtVHVRFFLGHQWDOHVHOSHOLJURUHYROXFLRQD
ULRFRPRFRQILJXUDGRUSULQFLSDOGHOSHOLJUR
LQWHU QR PLHGRTXHRUJDQL] yFD VLWRGD OD
SROtWLFDUHSUHVLYD\SROLFLDOGHORV(VWDGRV
PRGHUQRVGHVGHSULQFLSL RVGHO VLJOR;;\
TXHHVXQDGHODVFDXVDVGHODXJHIDVFLVWD
/RVQD]LVSURGXFHQXQDH[WUDRUGLQDULD
DYDQ]DGDHQFXDQWRDWHFQRORJtDVGHGLVFL
SOLQDPLHQWR\HOLPLQDFLyQGHORVHQHPLJRV
LQWHUQRVVHDQHVWRVFDWDORJDGRVFRPRFR
PXQLVWDVRDVRFLDOHV5REHUW*HOODWHO\HQ
VXH[FH OHQWHWUDEDMR 1RVRO R+LWOH UGHV
FULEHGHIRUPDPLQXFLRVDFyPRHOQD]LVPR
VHFRQYLHUWH HQXQ UpJLPHQGHDYDQ]DGD 
UHVSH WDGR SRU JREL HUQRV \ SROLF tDV RFFL
GHQWD OHV GDGRHO SHUI HFFLRQDPL HQWR TXH
ORJUDGHVXWHFQRORJtDUHSUHVLYD\GHFRQ
WUROVRFLDO\ODVXSUHVLyQGHWRGDKXHOODGH
JDUDQWLVPROLEHUDOHQVXOHJLVODFLyQ/DHOL
PLQDFLyQHQSRFRWLHPSRGHO FRPXQLVPR
DFWLYRHQ$OHPDQLD²GRQGHDxRVDWUiV
KDEtDHQFDEH]DGRXQDUHYROXFLyQ²ODGLV
PLQXFLyQGHODWDVDGHGHOLWRVODVLVWHPD
WL]DFLyQGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQFLHQWtILFDHQOD
SROLFt D\ ODLP SOHPHQWDFLyQGHORV OODPD
GRVFDPSRVGHUHFOXVLyQFDXWHODUFDPSRV
GHFRQFHQWUDFLyQSDUDHQHPLJRVSROtWLFRV
\VRFLDOHVFRQIRUPDQXQDSROtWLFDTXHGHV
SLHUWDDGPLUDFLyQHQPXFKRV(VWDGRVRF
FLGHQWDOHV5HSUHVHQWDQWHVGHODVSROLFtDV
GHYD ULDV GHPRF UDFLD VOLEHUDOH VYLVLWDURQ
$OHPDQLDSDUDFRQRFHUGHFHUFDODH[ SH
ULHQFLDGHYDQJXDUGLDTXHOOHYDEDDGHODQWH
HOUpJLPHQQD]LSDUDHOLPLQDUHOFRPXQLVPR
\UHGXFLUHOGHOLWRHQHOPD UFRGH ODUDFLD
OL]DFLyQGHODVUHODF LRQHVV RFLDOHVKHFKR
TXHWRGDYtDFDVLQDGLHFXHVWLRQDED
$OPLVPRWLHPSRHOQD]LVPRGHDQWHV
GHOD*XHUUD0XQGLDOLQFOXtDHQVXSHUVSHF
WLYDIXWXUDODHOLPLQDFLyQRVXER UGLQDF LyQ
GHORVHQHPLJRVH[WHUQRV
/DUD]DFRQILJXUDXQHQHPLJRH[WHUQR
\ODSROtWLFDXQHQHPLJRLQWHUQR&RPRIRU
PDGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHRWUHG DGHVQHJDWL
YDVWLHQHQVXSXQ WRGHHQFXHQWURH QHOQD
]LVPR(OMXGtRHVHOTXHSRVLELOLWDODXQLyQ
HQWUHHVWD VGRVWHF QRORJ tDVGHSRGHU (O
MXGtRHV XQHQHPLJRLQWHUQR\H[WHUQRDOD
YH]9LYHHQ(XURSDFRPRXQYHFLQR PiV
SHURDODYH]HVH[WUDQMHUR
/DGLFWDGXUDDUJHQWLQDFUHDWDPELpQD
VXHQHP LJRHOGHOLQ FXHQWH VXEYHUV LYR(O
DGMHWLYRSROtWLFRVXEYHUVLYRQRHVVXILFLHQWH
SDUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQDRWUHGDGQHJD
WLYDWRWDOSRUORTXHOLJDUODOXFKDSROtWLFD
DODGHOLQFXHQFLDVHYXHOYHXQPpWRGRHIL
FLHQWH /DFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQGHOHQHPLJR
DDQLTXLODUHQ ODFD PSDxDDOD8QLyQ6R
YLpWLFD\DELHQHQWUDGDOD*XHUUDHQ 
VHVLQWHWL]D HQOR TXHORVQD]LVLQDXJXUDQ
FRPROD IXVLyQGHXQDILJXUDpWQLFRSR OtWL
FDHOMXGHR ²HQPRPHQWRVGHKHJHPRQtD
GHOUDFLVPRSDUDFDUJDUDXQPiVGHQHJD
WLYLGDGODILJXUDSROtWLFD²EROFKHYLTXH$TXt
VHSXHGHHQFRQWUDURWUDGHVXVSRFDVQR
YHGDGHVKLVWyULFDVHOH[WHUPLQLRUDFLDO VH
YLQFXODDKRUDFRQHOH[WHUPLQLRSROtWLFR
¢4XpUHODFLyQWLHQHHVWRFRQHODQLTXL
ODPLHQWREDMRODGLFWDGXUDPLOLWDUDUJHQWLQD"
6HSXHGH GHFLUTXH HORULJHQP RGHUQRGHO DLGHDGHO RWURLQWHUQRHVODDS DULFLyQGHO FRPXQLVPR QRVRORFR PR
´IDQWDVPDTXHUHFRUUH(XURSDµVLQRFRPRXQD UHDOLGDGWDQJLEOHDSDUWLUGHOD&RPXQDGH3D UtV\VREUHWRGRFRQ
OD5HYROXFLyQ%ROFKHYLTXHGH
5REHUW*HOODWHOO\1RVROR+LWOHUOD$OHPDQLDGH+LWOHUHQWUHODFRDFFLyQ\HOFRQVHQVR%DUFHORQD&UtWLFD
82
Revista de Estudi os sobre Genocidio
(OI LQGHO D6HJXQG D*XHUUD0X QGLDO
PDUFDHOILQGHODOHJLWLPDFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDO
DORV(VWDGRV DPDWDULQYRFDQGRUD]RQHV
UDFLDOHV(OPXQGRVHFRQPXHYH\PXHVWUD
UHSXGLRTXHULHQGRPDUFDUFRQXQDQXHYD
OHJLVO DFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDO XQFULPHQ DWUR]
TXHQXQFDPiVGHEHRFXUULUPDWDUSHUVR
QDV\JUXSRV GHSHUVRQDVSRUVXVFUHHQ
FLDVQDFLRQDOLGDGRUD]D(OUHVWRGHOPXQ
GRRFFLGHQWDO VLQKDFHUXQPHDFXOSDGH
VXVGpFDGDVGHUDFLVPR\VXVPLOORQHVGH
PXHUWRVFRQVWUX\yXQEXHQFKLYRH[SLDWR
ULRHQOD$OHPDQLDQD]L\DQXQFLyFRQVX
ILQDOHOILQDOGHOUDFLVPR
/DPR GHUQL GDG GHVGH VXVRUtJ HQHV
KDEtDFRQVWUXLGRGRVIXHUWHVOHJLWLPLGDGHV
SDUDODPXHUWHHVWDWDOODUD]D\ODSROtWLFD
3RGHPRVUDVWUHDUDOSHOLJURSROtWLFRHQ
VXYHUVLyQPRGHUQDGHVGHHOFRQWUDFWXDOLV
PRURXVVHDXQLDQRHQHOTXHODPXHUWHSRU
SDUWHGHXQ(VWDGR VROR HVO HJtWLPDSD UD
GHIHQGHUHOFRQWUDWRVRFLDOTXHHQGLVWLQ
WDVpSRFDV\OXJDUHVVHSXHGHUHSUHVHQWDU
GHPDQHUDVELHQGLIHUHQWHVFRPRUD]yQGH
(VWDGRVXSHUYLYHQFLDGHODQDFLyQVXSHUYL
YHQFLDGHODUHYROXFLyQPRGRGHYLGDRFFL
GHQWDO\FULVWLDQRHWF
/DPXHUWHHVWDWDO\OHJtWLPDSURGXFLGD
SRUHOUDFLVPRTXHGDDEROLGDHQ/D
PXHUWHHVWDWDO\OHJtWL PDSURGXFLGDSR UOD
SROtWLFDGHODTXHHOQD]LVPRVHUiHVFXHOD
SDUDQRUWHDPHULFDQRVHXURSHRV\DUJHQWL
QRVHQOD*XHUUD)UtDTXHGDOHJLWLPDGDHQ
JUDQSDUWHFRQHOGHEDWHHQWRUQRDOD&RQ
YHQFLyQSDUDODVDQFLyQGHO GHOLWRGHJHQR
FLGLR (VWHHPSLH]D HQ\ WHUPLQDHQ
FRQODUHGD FFLyQGHO D&RQYHQFLy Q
6LELHQWLHQHHQVXVXSHUILFLHHO UHSXGLRDO
QD]LVPRWLHQH HQVXVXE VXHOR OD QHFHVL
GDGGHSHUPLWLUDORV(VWDGRVHODVHVLQDWR
SROtWLFRHQODQXHYDHWDSDTXHVHYLHQHOD
*XHUUD)UtD
9ROYLHQGRDHOWULEXQDOGH1XUHP
EHUJ HOW ULEXQDO GHO RVY HQFHGRUHV GH OD
*XHUUD 0XQGLDOWHQtDVROR GRVRSFLRQHV
VHGHFUHWDEDODLPSXQLGDGWRWDODORVUHV
SRQVDEOHVGHORV\DLGHQWLILFDGRVFRPRORV
FUtPHQHVP iVDWURFHVGHODKLVWRULDR VH
YLRODEDQH[FHSFLRQDOPHQWHDOJXQRVSULQFL
SLRVEiVLFRVGHOGHUHFKR
6H RSWy SR U OD VH JXQ GD RS FLy Q 6H
FRQVWUX\HURQ ORVW LSRVMXUtGLF RVSDUDSHU
PLWLUMX]JDUHVWRVKHFKRV\VHGHILQLyTXH
SDUDORVGHOLWRVHQXQFLDGRVPiVDUULEDFUt
PHQHVFRQWUDODSD]FUtPHQHVGHJXHUUD\
FUtPHQHVFRQWUDODKXPDQLGDGQRVHUH
FRQRFHSUHVFULSFLyQWHUULWRULDOLGDGQLREH
GLHQFLD(OSULQFLSLRGHOHJDOLGDGWDPSRFR
SRGtDVHUDSOLFDGRSRUTXHODMXULVSUXGHQFLD
HUDFUHDGDOXHJRGHFRQVXPDGRV ORVKH
FKRVSRUORFXDOWDPELpQVHGHILQLyTXHHVH
SULQFLSLRQRUHJLUtDSDUDHVWRVFUtPHQHV
1XUHPEHUJWXYRFRPRREMHWLYRSURGX
FLUDOJXQRVMXLFLRV\FRQGHQDVUHVRQDQWHV
(OMXLFLRDODVMXQWDVHQHQQXHVWURSDtV
HVWiLQVSLUDGRHQHVWDOyJLFD\QRHQEXV
FDU\FRQGHQDUDORVPLOHVGHUHVSRQVDEOHV
GLUHFWRVG HGLYHUVRVFUt PHQHV $OPLVP R
WLHPSRGHVGHVHHPSLH]DDGLVFXWLU
HQHOVHQRGHODUHFLpQFUHDGD2UJDQL]DFLyQ
GHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVXQ WH[WRTXHVHUi
OXHJROD&RQYHQFLyQSDUDOD3UHYHQFL yQ\
6DQFLyQGHO'HOLWRGH*HQRFLGLR(VWDTXH
HVODKHUUDPLHQWDOHJDOD ODTXHVXVFULEHQ
ORVSDtVHVDGKHUHQWHVWLHQHXQDUHGDFFLyQ
FRQIXVDTXHKDGDGROXJDUDXQVLQQ~PHUR
GHSUREOHPDVTXHUHSHUFXWHQYDULDVGpFD
GDVGHVS XpVHQQXHVWURVMXLFLRV/D&RQ
YHQFLyQGLFHVLQWpWLFDPHQWHTXHJHQRFL
GLRHV ODGHVWUXFFLyQWRWDO RSDUFLDOGHXQ
JUXSRUDFLDOpWQLFRQDFLRQDORUHOLJLRVR
(QSU LPHU OXJDUSRGUtDPRVPDU FDUOD
DPELJH GDGGHODVFDWHJRUt DV* UXSRUD
FLDOGHQRWDODFUHHQFLDHQ ODH[LVWHQFLDGH
ODVUD]DVLGHDTXHKR\HVUHIXWDGDSRUWRGD
ODFRPXQLGDGFLHQWtILFDLQWHUQDFLRQDO6LXQ
(VWDGRDQLTXLODUDDORVDWHRV¢FRUUHVSRQ
GHUtDDJUX SRVUHOLJL RVRV"7DPELpQSRGUtD
GHFLUVHTXH ODUH OLJLyQHVXQDLGH RORJtD \
QRTXHVHWUDHGHQDFLPLH QWR/DFDWHJR
UtDJ UXSRV pWQL FRVHVGLI tFLO GHGH PDUFDU
¢FXiOHVVRQORVOtPLWHVGHXQDHWQLD"(O~O
WLPRGHORVJUXSRVSURWHJLGRVHOQDFLRQDO
WLHQHXQDULTXH]DPD\RUDXQTXHWDPSRFR
HVWiFODURTXpLPSOLFD*UXS RQDFLR QDOHV
HOTXHWRPDUiDILQHVGHODGpFDGDGH
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
83
HOMXH]HVSDxRO%DOWDVDU*DU]yQSDUDFRQVL
GHUDUFRPRJHQRFLGLRORVKHFKRVSURGXFL
GRVHQ$UJHQWLQDGHVGH
(OHVStULWXGHOD&RQYHQFLyQSDUHFHUtD
VHUFDOLILFDUFRPRJHQRFLGL RDO DVHVLQDWR
PDVLYR\SODQLILFDGRGHXQJUXSRHQWDQWR
DORTXHHV\QRHQWDQWRDORTXHKDFHGH
JUXSRVSRUWDGRUHVGHDOJRLQQDWRIXHUDGH
XQDHOHFFLyQSHUVRQDO
/D GLVF XVLy QF HQWU DO DOUHGHGRUGH OD
&RQYHQFLyQIXHOD LQFOXVLyQGHORV JUXSRV
SROtWLFRVHVGHFLUVLHVWDQXHYDKHUUDPLHQ
WDMXUtGLFDLEDDSURWHJHUGHOH[WHUPLQLRSRU
UD]RQHVSROtWLFRLGHROyJLFDV/DUHGDFFLyQ
LQLFLDOGHFRQWHQtDDHVWRVJUXSRVSHUR
TXHGDURQH[FOXLGRVSRUHOYHWRGH((88HQ
ODFRQIHFFLyQILQDOGH(OFULPHQHV
WDWDOPiVJHQHUDOL]DGRHQODQXHYDHUDTXH
QDFtDPDUFDGDSRUOD*XHUUD)UtDTXHGDED
SRUIXHUDGHODSURWHFFLyQGHOD&RQYHQFLyQ
/DPRGHUQLGDGYDFRQVWUX\HQGRGRVOHJLWL
PLGDGHVGHPDWDUODUDFLDO\ODSROtWLFD(Q
VHHOLPLQDGHORVFRQVHQVRVLQWHUQD
FLRQDOHVXQDSHURVHPDQWLHQHODRWUD
/DVPXHUWHVHVWDWDOHVGXUDQWHOD*XH
UUD)UtDVHYDQGHVOLJDQGRGHODVPHWiIRUDV
UDFLDOHV\VRQFDGDYH]PiVH[SOtFLWDPHQ
WHSROtWLFDV(OJHQRFLGLR QD]L H[SUHVDHQ
SDUWHH VDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ,QFOXVRWRGDYtD
VHGHEDWH FXiQWRHOUDFLVPRPRWLYDEDODV
PDWDQ]DV\FXiQWRHUDXQLQVXPRLGHROyJL
FRTXHRFXOWDEDHOYHUGDGHURPyYLOPXFKR
PiVXQLGRDODUDFLRQDOLGDGSROtWLFD\HFR
QyPLFD\DODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHODJXHUUD
)UHQWHD OD H [FO XVL yQ GH ORV JU XSR V
SROtWLFRVDOJXQRVSURSRQHQXWLOL]DUHOFRQ
FHSWRGHSROLWLFLGLRSDUDKDEODUGHFUtPH
QHV FRPRORVG HO DG LFWD GXUD DU JHQW LQD
$PL HQWHQGHUHVWH SODQWHRQRWLHQHRWUR
VXVWHQWRWHyULFRTXHWUDWDUGHFRQVWUXLUXQD
FDWHJRUtDQXHYDSRUOD H[FOXVLyQLQWHQFLR
QDOGHOD&RQYHQFLyQHQODTXHFRUUHVSRQ
GHUtDTXHHVW p$GHPiVQRVHHQFXHQWU D
HQHOGHUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDO(QVXDOHJDWR
HQHOMXLFLR$%2$WOpWLFR%DQFR2OLPSR
WUHVFHQWURVFODQGHVWLQRVGH GHWHQFL yQD
ILQHVGH OHO ILV FDO $ODJLD LQFR USRUD
XQDP LUDGD VHJ~QODFXD OODSHUV HFXFL yQ
SRUUD]RQHVSROtWLFDVVHLQFOX\HGHQWURGHO
GHOLWRG HJHQRFLGLRGH DFXHUGRFRQ XQD
LQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHOGH YHQLUGHODQ RUPDWLYD
LQWHUQDFLRQDO
3DUD OHHUWU DEDMRV VREUHO D&RQYH QFLyQG H YHU+HU QiQ)RO JXHLUR ´(OFUL PHQGH JHQRFLG LRHQH OGHUHF KR
LQWHUQDFLRQDOµ HQ'DQLHO)H LHUVWHLQ\*XL OOHUPR/HY\F RPS+DVWDT XHODPXHUWHQ RVVHSDUHSRG HU\SUiFWLFDV
JHQRFLGDV HQ$PpU LFD/DWLQ D%XHQR V$LUHV $O0DUJH Q 0DWKLDV %MRUQOXQ G\(ULF 0DUNXVHQ ´¢4XpH VHO
JHQRFLGLR"µHQ'DQLHO)HLHU VWHLQFRPS*HQRFLGLRODDG PLQLVWUDFLyQREFLW% XHQRV$LUHV(GXQWUHI
8QWUDEDMRTXHDYDQ]DKDVWDODLGHDGHSHQVDUODGHFLVLyQQD]LGHOH[WHUPLQLRFRPRGHHVWULFWDUDFLRQDOLGDGHFRQy
PLFDHV*RW]$Ot/D8WRStDQD]L%DUFHORQD0HPRULD&ULWLFD
´«HQHO DxR OD&RUWH ,QWHUQDFL RQDOGH- XVWLFLDWX YRRSRUWX QLGDGGH H[SHGLUVH VREUHHO YDORUMXUt GLFRGHO D
&RQYHQFLyQSDUDOD3UHYHQFLyQ\6DQFLyQGHOGHOLWRGH*HQRFLGLRHQHO&DVRGHODV5HVHUYDVDOD&RQYHQFLyQ(O
IDOORGHOD&RUWH,QWHUQDFLRQDOWLHQHFRPRIXQGDPH QWRODUHVROXFLyQ,GHOD$VDPEOHD*HQHUDOGHODV1DFLRQ HV
8QLGDVGHOGHGLFLHPEUH GHSRUHOTXHVHGHFO DUDDOJHQRFLGLRFRPRQHJD FLyQDOGHUHFKRDODH[LVWH QFLD
GHJUXSRVKXPDQRVHQWHURV\DILUPDTXHHOJHQRFLGLRHVXQFULPHQGHGHUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOTXHHOPXQGRFLYLOL]D
GRFRQGHQD\SRUFX\DFRP LVLyQVRQSXQLEOHVORVDXW RUHV\FyPSOLFHVVHDQLQGL YLGXRVSDUWLFXODUHVIXQFL RQDULRV
S~EOLFRVRMHIHVGHHVWDGR\VHDTXHHOFULPHQVHFRPHWDFRQWUDJUXSRVUHOLJ LRVRVUDFLDOHVSROtWLFRVXRWURV
(OGHOLWRGHJHQRFLGLRFRQYDORUGHQRUPDXQL YHUVDOPHQWHLPSHUDWLYDTXHGDHVWDEOHFLGRGR VDxRVDQWHVGHVXGH
ILQLWLYDVDQFLyQHQ3RUHOORHVXQiQLPHODRSLQ LyQTXHFRQFHGHDODUHVROXFLyQ,GHOD$VDPEOHD*HQHUD O
HOPiVYDOLRVRPDUFRGHUHIHUHQFLDSDUDL QWHUSUHWDUHODOFDQFHGHOGHOLWRGHJHQRFLG LR(QHOPLVPRVHQWLGRGHEHQ
FRQVLGHUDUVHORVSUR\HFWRVTX HVLUYLHURQGHDQWHFHGHQWHDOD &RQYHQFLyQGH2WUDOH\ GHOSDtVDQWHULRUDORV
KHFKRVGHOMXLFLR ODQRUPDSUHYLVWD HQHODUWGH OD&RQYHQFLyQGH9L HQDVREUHHO'HUHF KRGHORV7UDWDGRV GH
PD\RGHRUGHQDLQWHUSUHWDUORVWpUPLQRVGHOWUDWDGRHQHOFRQWH[WRGHHVWRV\WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDVXREMHWR\
ILQHVGHFLUORTXHHVWDOH\LQWHUQDFLRQDOGHQRPLQDLQWHUSUHW DFLyQGHEXHQDIH
(VLPSRUWDQWHDFOD UDUHVWRSRUTXHSRU DTXHOODUHVROXFLyQ OD$VDPEOHD*HQHUD OGHODV1DFLRQHV 8QLGDVGHILQLyHO
GHOLWRGHJH QRFLGLRFRPR ODQHJDFLyQ DODH[LVWHQF LDGHJUXSRV KXPDQRVHQWH URVVLQH[FOX LUDQLQJXQR \FRQILU
PDQGRTXHORVJUXSRVPHQFL RQDGRVHQHVWHGRFXPHQWRR HQFXDOTXLHURWUDQRUPDUHOD WLYDDOGHOLWRGHJHQRFLGLR
VRQVLHPSUH HMHPSOLILFD WLYDVHQWD QWRWRGDOD VRFLHGDGKX PDQDSXHGHV HUYtFWLPD GHHVWHGHOL WRGHGHUHF KRLQ
WHUQDFLRQDO1RKDEUtD&RQYHQ LRYiOLGRSDUDODSUHYHQFLyQ\ VDQFLyQGHOGHOLWRGHJHQRFLGL RVLVHLQWHUSUHWDUDTXH
H[LVWHQJU XSRVKXPDQ RVHQWHURV H[FOXLGRV GHORVIL QHVKXPDQL WDULRVTXH SHUVLJXH HVWDQRUPD µ$OHJDWR ILVFDO
$ODJLD-XLFLR$WOpWLFR%DQFR2OLPSR$%2S
84
Revista de Estudi os sobre Genocidio
/HVDKXPDQLGDGYVJHQRFLGLR
HQQXHVWURVMXLFLRV
([LVWHXQDFRQWURYHUVLDHQQXHVWURSDtV
HQWRUQRD FXiO HVODIL JXUD FRUUHFWDSDUD
DFXVDUDORVSHUSHWUDGRUHV+D\GLVFXVLR
QHVDFHUF DGH VL XWLO L]DU OD ILJXU DGH OHV D
KXPDQLGDG R JHQRFLGL RD IHFWDHQ ODSR
VLELO LGDG GH ODV FRQGH QDV7DPELpQ HVWD
FRQIURQWDFLyQVHGDHQODLPSRUWDQFLDGH
SHQVDUHOGHUHFKRFRPRSURGXFWRUGHYHU
GDGKLVWyULFD
6LHOWHPDVHFHQWUDVRORHQFyPRJD
UDQWL]DUGHPDQHUDPiV ILUPH ODVSHQDVD
ORVSURFHVDGRVHQHOPDUFRGHXQD ILJXUD
TXHDVHJXUHOD LPSUHVFULSWLELOLGDGG HORV
FUtPHQHVFRPHWLGRVHOGHEDWHVREUHODFD
OLILFDFLyQOHVDKXPDQLG DGRJHQRFLGLRSLHU
GHUHOHYDQFLD
/RV GRV GHO LWRV VRQLPSUHVFULS WLEO HV
\HQWpUPLQRVOHJDOHVFRQDPEDVILJXUDV
VHSRGUtDQJDUDQWL]DUODVFRQGHQDV&DUORV
6OHSR\DERJDGRFRQ XQD DPSOL DWUD\HF
WRULDHQGHUHFKRVKXPDQRVGLFHHQXQD
HQWUHYLVWDSDUDOD5HYLVWDGH(VWXGLRVVREUH
*HQRFLGLRQ
«\D HVWi HVWDEOHFLG RTXHORVFUt
PHQHVFRQWUDODKXPDQLGDGVRQORV
TXHWLHQHQ TXHYHUFRQOD&RQYHQ
FLyQVREUHOD,PSUHVFULSWLELOLGDGGH
ORV&UtPHQHVFRQWUDOD+XPDQLGDG
&UtPHQHVGH*XHUUD\*HQRFLGLRGH
$KtVHGHFODUyODLPSUHVFULSWL
ELOLGDGGHHVWRVWUHVJUDQGHVFUtPH
QHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV(QWRQFHVFRPR
FULPHQLPSUHVFULSWLEOHQRKD\ULHVJR
GHTXHHOGHOLWRGHJHQRFLGLRSXH
GDVHUDOFDQ]DGRSRUDOJ~QWLSRGH
SUHVFULSFLyQSRUTXHHVWi FODURTXH
FRQIRUPHDOPLVPRSULQFLSLRTXHORV
FUtPHQ HVFR QWUDODKXPDQLGD GUH
VXOWDLPSUHVFUL SWLEOH3RUOR TXHQR
KD\ULHVJRGHXWLOL]DUHOFRQFHSWRGH
JHQRFLGLR
3RUVXSXHVWRTXHHOGHEDWHH[FHGHSRU
PXFKRODPHUDFXHVWLyQGHODSUHVFULSFLyQ
+D\DE RJDGRV TXHUHOODQWHVTXH FRQ
VLGHUDQTXHODFDOLILFDFLyQDGHFXDGDVHUtD
ODGHJHQRFLGLRSRUTXHFRPSDUWHQTXHHV
H[DFWDPHQWHORTXHRFXUULyHQ$UJHQWLQD
$FX VDU \ FRQG HQD U SRU J HQR FLG LR VH UtD
MX]JDU\FRQGHQDUDORVUHSUHVRUHVSRUOR
TXHUHDOPHQWHKLFLHURQ6LQHPEDUJRPX
FKRVGHORV TXHVR VWLHQHQHVWRMXQWRFRQ
DTXHOORVTXHQRWLHQHQHVWDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ
GHOR TXHVXFHGLy HQ$UJHQWLQDS ODQWH DQ
HQODVG LYHUVDVFDXVD VOD FDO LILF DFLyQGH
FUtP HQHVGHO HVD KX PDQL GDG F RQ HO DU
JXPHQWRGHTXHHVOD~QLFDILJXUDMXUtGLFD
TXHJDUDQWL]DODSHQD3HGLUFRQGHQDVSRU
JHQRFLGLRSRQGUtDHQSHOLJURODHIHFWLYL]D
FLyQ GHODSHQDSRUVXLQH[LVWHQFL DHQ OD
OHJLVODFLyQDUJHQWLQD
(VWHDUJ XPHQWRH [SUHVDH QHOIR QGR
TXHHVWDUtDQSRUXQODGRDTXHOORVTXHWLH
QHQFRPRSULRULGDGJDUDQWL]DUODVSHQDV\
ODFiUFH OGHORVSURFHV DGRV\SRUHO RWUR
ORVTXHSULYLOHJLDQHQSDODEUDVGH0LFKDHO
)RXFDXOWHOGHUH FKRFRPR FRQVWUXFW RUGH
YHUGDGVXSRQLHQGRTXHHVWRV~OWLPRVHV
WiQGLVSXHVWRVDUHVLJQDUFRQGHQDVFRQWDO
GHORJUDUTXHORVYHUHGLFWRVVHDMXVWHQDOD
YHUGDGGHORVKHFKRV
(OLPSRUWDQWtVLPRIDOORGHOMXH]%DOOHV
WHURVGHODxRHQODFDXVD2OPRVVR
EUHOD LOHJLWLPLGDGGHODGHXGDH [WHUQD HV
HMHPSORGHXQKHFKRGHHVWDVFDUDFWHUtVWL
FDVHQHOFXDOKD\XQDFODUDGHILQLFLyQMXGL
FLDOSHURVLQFRQGHQD(OIDOORDFHSWDWRGRV
ORVDUJXPHQWRVGHODEULOODQWHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
GH2OP RV\VHQWHQFLDFRQWRGR GHWDOOHD
IDYRUGHGHFODUDUORLOHJtWLPR\IUDXGXOHQWR
&DUORV6OHSR\PLHPEURGHOD$VRFLDFLyQOLEUHGHDERJDGRVGH0DGULG\GHOD&DVD$UJHQWLQ DGH0DGULG$ERJDGR
GHODDFXVDFLyQSRSXODUHQHOVXPDULRTXHLQVWUX\HHO-X]JDGR&HQWUDOGH,QVWUXFFLyQ1GHOD$XGLHQFLD1DFLRQDO
DFDUJRGH%DOWDVDU*DU]yQ3UHPLRLQWHUQDFLRQDO'HUHFKRV +XPDQRVSRUVXVDSRUWHVDOSULQFLSLRGHMXVWLFLD
XQLYHUVDOSUHPLR´-RDQ$OVLQDµRWRUJDGRSRUOD&DVDGH$PpULFDGH&DWDOXQ\D\HO$\XQWDPLHQWRGH%DUFHORQD
5HYLVWDGH(VWXGLRVVREUH*HQRFLGLRHGL WDGDSRUHO&HQWURGH(VWXGLRVVREUH*HQRFLGLR GHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLR
QDOGH7UHVGH)HEUHUR
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
85
GHOD GHXGD H[WHUQDSHU RDOPLVPRWLHP
SRQRSXHGHSURFHVDUDQDGLHSRUTXHORV
GHOLWRVIXHURQ WLSLI LFDGRVFRP RFRPXQHV
\HQWRQFHV\DKDEtDQSUHVFULSWR7LHQHXQ
LPSRUWDQW HLPSDFW RPHGLiWLFR \S ROtW LFR
3RUS ULPHUDYH] XQ MXH] OHJLW LPDHQVHGH
MXGLF LDODYDODQGR XQD HQRUPH \H[KDXV
WLYD L QYHVWLJ DFL yQ GH Dx RVOR T XH HQ HO
GLVFXUVRSROtWLFRVRORDSDUHFtDUHFOXLGRHQ
JUXSRVDODL]TXLHUGDGHOHVSHFWURSROtWLFR
QDFLRQDO0DUWtQH]GH+R]QRHVSURFHVDGR
SRUODSUHVFULSFLyQGHORVGHOLWRVSUREDGRV
6LQHPEDUJRHVWHHMHPS ORQRJUDILFD
XQDLQWHQFLyQGHEXVFDUHOL PSDFWR KLVWy
ULFRPHQRVSUHFLDQGRODFRQGHQDPDWHULDO
2OPRVVtEXVFyMXLFLR\FRQGHQDSHURHQ
HOPDUFRGHGHOLWRVFRPXQHV\DQRVHORV
SRGtDFRQVHJXLU6RORVLVHKXELHVHKHFKR
XQDDFXVD FLyQSRUJHQ RFLGLRDOSURFHVR
WUDVFXUULGRHQWUH\ \HO MXH]OD
KXELHVHWRPDGR VHKDEUtDSRGLGRHQFDU
FHODUD0DUWtQH]GH+R]\DORVUHVSR QVD
EOHVGHODGHXGD\GHODVHVWDIDVDO(VWDGR
QDFLRQDO1LFUtP HQHVFRPXQHVSRUHVWDU
SUHVFULSWRV QLFUtPHQHV GHOHVDKXPDQL
GDG SRUTXH QR FRQ WHPS ODQ HVW HW LSR GH
DFFLRQHVVRQILJXUDVSDUDDOFDQ]DUFRQGH
QDVHQXQDFDXVDFRPRHVWD
&UtPHQHVGH/HVD+XPDQLGDGUHPLWHD
XQDFDQWLGDGGHGHOLWRVSUHFLVRVSHURFRQ
SHUSHW UDGRUHV\ YtFWLP DVVL QGHO LPLWDFLyQ
HVSHFtI LFD/ DVYtF WLPDVVRQSHUVRQDVLQ
GLYLGXDOHVVLQ UHIHUHQFLDDJUXSRV DGL IH
UHQFLDGHOFRQFHSWRGHJHQRFLGLR1RWLHQH
PHQFLyQH[SOtFL WDDORV(VWDGRVFRPRORV
FDXVDQWHVGHORVFUtPHQHVQRKD\SODQHV
VLVWHPiWLFRVQLLQWHQFLyQGHUHHVWUXFWXUD
FLyQGHODVRFLHGDGQLSRVLELOLGDGGHPHQ
FLyQ\SHUVHF XFLyQDRWURVDFWRU HVVRFLD
OHVQHFHVDULRVSDUDTXHORVSHUSHWUDGRUHV
GLUHFWRVDFW~HQ6LQR HVHO(VWDGRHO TXH
QHFHV DULDPHQWH FRP HWH ORV FUtP HQHV OD
SRVLEL OLGDGTXHVHDEUHVREUHWRGRS DUD
ORVSDtVHVGH O&RQVHMRGH6HJXULGDGFR Q
PXFKRFRQWUROVREUHHO7 ULEXQDO3HQDO,Q
WHUQDFLRQDOHVODGHYLRODUODVJDUDQWtDVMX
GLFLDOHVSDUDSURFHVDUSRUHVWRVFUtPHQHV
DJUXSRV GLYHU VRV VHJ~Q VXV DSHWHQFLDV
SROtWLFDV/ DQR SUHFLVLyQGH ODI LJXUD \OD
H[FOXVL yQGHO (VWDG RFRPR HO~QLFRDFWRU
SRVLEOHGHHVWRVFUtPHQHVSXHGHSRVLELOL
WDUUHSHUFXVLRQHVPX\GLYHUVDVSHUPLWLGDV
SRUXQDFDWHJRUtDWDQOD[D
+R\0DUWtQH]GH +R]H VWiS UHVR VROR
SRUVXUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHQGRVVHFXHVWURV
)LQDQFLVWDV\HPSUHVDULRVUHVSLUDQWUDQTXL
ORVPLHQWUDVYHQDORVYHUGXJRVPXFKRVGH
HOORVSURYHQLHQWHVGHORVVHFWRUHVPiVSRV
WHUJDGRVGHODVRFLHGDGSDJDQGRORVFUtPH
QHVFRPHWLGRVHQEHQHILFLRGHHOORV/DILJX
UDGHJHQRFLGLRSRGUtDKDELOLWDUQRVDOOHYDU
HVWHGHEDWHDORVHVWUDGRVMXGLFLDOHVLQGH
SHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHVLDOJXQRGHHOORVWLHQH
LPSOLFDFLyQGLUHFWDFRQFUtPHQHVGHVDQJUH
$UJHQWLQDDGKLULyHQDOD&RQYHQ
FLyQSDUDOD3UHYHQFLyQ\6DQFLyQGHO'HOL
WRGH*HQRFLGLR\SRFRGHVSXpVODUDWLILFy
(OVHUILUPDQWHGHOD&RQYHQFL yQOH GDXQ
PDUFRGHOHJLWLPLGDGMX UtGLFDSDUDXVD UOD
DFXVDFLyQSRU JHQRFLGLR6HSXHGH SODQ
WHDUTXH FXDQGR$ UJHQWLQD OHVGLR
DODVFRQYHQFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVUDQJR
FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVXQDIHFKDSRVWHULRUDORV
KHFKRVMX]JDGRVSHURHVHOPLVPRSUREOH
PDTXHVHSUHVHQWDSDUDODFDOLILFDFLyQGH
FUtPHQHVGHOHVDKXPDQLGDG
$GHPiV VH SODQ WHD TXHHO GHO LWR GH
JHQRFLGLRQRHVWiWLSLILFDGRHQQXHVWUR&y
GLJR3HQDODXQTXHVHHVWiHODERUDQGRXQ
SUR\HFWRGHOH\SDUDLQFRUSRUDUORFRPRVt
HQORVGHRWURVSDtVHV\HVSRUHVRTXHQR
H[LVWH DVLJQDFLyQGHSHQDVSDUD pO7DP
SRFRORVGHOLWRVGHOHVDKXPDQLGDGHVWiQ
HQHO&yGLJR3HQDOQLWLHQHQDVLJQDGRVXQD
PDJQLWXGGHSHQDV
3RU~OWLPRXQRGHORVDUJXPHQWRVXWL
OL]DGRVSRUODVGHIHQVDVGHORVUHSUHVRUHV
SODQWHDTXHORVJUXSRVSROtWLFRVQRHVWiQ
LQFOXLGRVHQO D&RQYHQFLyQVREUHJHQRFL
GLRDVtTXHQRVHUtDXQDWLSLILFDFLyQYiOLGD
SDUD MX]J DUG HOLWR VFR PHWLGRVSRUFODUD V
PRWLYDFLR QHV SROt WLFD V/ DILJXUDSR VLEOH
HQWRQFHVVHUtDODGHS ROLWLFLG LRTXHDOQR
WHQHUHQWLGDGMXUtGLFDORFDOQLLQWHUQDFLRQDO
QRHV XWLOL]DEOH(QHV WHVHQWLGR\DPHQ
FLRQDPRVORTXHRSLQDHOILVFDO$ODJLDTXH
86
Revista de Estudi os sobre Genocidio
FRQVLGHUDLQFOXLGDOD FDWHJRUtDGHJUXSRV
SROtWLFRVGHQWURGHOFULPHQLQWHUQDFLRQDOGH
JHQRFLGLRXVDQGR DQWHFHGHQWHVGHODMX
ULVSUXGHQFLDLQWHUQDFLRQDO7DPELpQ&DUORV
6OHSR\GHVGHRWUDySWLFDFRQVLGHUDYiOLGR
HOXVRGHHVWDILJXUDSHQDO
9DULDVV HQWH QFLD VU HFKD ]DQ OD
PHQFLyQ GHOJ HQRFLGLRSODQ WHDQGR
FRPRMXVWLILFDFLyQODFXHVWLyQPHQ
FLRQDGD GHT XHOD& RQYH QFLyQQR
LQFOX\HDORVJUXSRVSROtWLFRV\TXH
SRUHOORKD EUtDXQSRO LWLFLGLR\ HVWR
VHUt DXQDFXHV WLyQ GL VWLQ WD$KR UD
ELHQOODPDODDWHQFLyQTXHPHQFLR
QDQWDPELpQTXHFRPRHOSROLWLFLGLR
QRHQWUDHQOD&RQYHQFLyQHQWRQFHV
KD\T XHWUDWDU HVWRVKHF KRVFRPR
FUtPHQHVFRQWUDODKXPDQLGDG3HUR
VLSD UWLPRVGH ODE DVHGHTX HVRQ
GRVWLSRVSHQDOHVGLIHUHQWHV\HOSR
OLWLFLGLREXVFDODHOLPLQDFLyQGHJUX
SRVS ROtWLFRV QRKDEUtDXQD ILJXU D
TXHORSXGLHUHFRQWHQHU 3RUTXH VL
QRHVJHQRFLGLRWDPSRFRHVFULPHQ
FRQWUDODKXPDQLGDG\DTXHKD\XQ
SURSy VLWRGH OD GHVWUXFFL yQGHXQ
JUXSRRJUXSRVSRUORTXHHVWDGLIH
UHQFLDFLyQQRWLHQHDVLGHURµ
*HQRFLGLRDXQJUXSRQDFLRQDO
&XDQGRHQQRYLHPEUHGH%DOWDVDU
*DU]yQ IXQGDPHQWyVX DFXVDFLyQ FRQWUD
$GROIR6FLOLQJR²TXHVDFXGLy DODR SLQLyQ
S~EOLFDHQFXDQGRFRQWyHQWHOHYLVLyQ
ORVYXHORVGHODPXHUWHHQORVTXHpOSDUWLFL
SDED²SURSXVRTXHORVFUtPHQHVFRPHWLGRV
SRUODGLFWDGXUDDUJHQWLQDVHHQPDUFDEDQ
GHQWURGHODGHVWUXFFLyQWRWDORSDUFLDOGH
XQJUXSRQDFLRQDOTXHHVXQRGHORVFXDWUR
SURWHJLGRVSRUOD&RQYHQFLyQGH
(VWD IyUPXO D OHMR VG HF RQVW LWXL UX QD
LQJHQL HUtD RSRUWXQLVWDSDUDFRQGHQDUSRU
JHQRFLGLRLPSOLFyODDSHUWXUDGHXQGHED
WHSRUGHPiVLQWHUHVDQWHTXHGHVQXGDOR
OD[R\DPE LJXR GHOD VILJXUDV SURWH JLGDV
SRUOD&RQYHQFLyQ(VWR QRVREOLJDDSUH
JXQWD UQRVFXiOHVVRQ ORV DOFDQFHV GH OD
ILJXUDJUXSRQDFLRQDO
3RU HVH FD PLQR Y DPR V DF RQ VWUXL U
SXHQ WHV LP SRU WDQWHV SDUD DFH UFDUQRV D
HQWHQGH UPHMRUORTXHUHDOPHQWH SDVyHQ
$UJHQWLQD\DOPLVPRWLHPSRFRQHFWDUQRV
FRQHOYHUGDGHURHVStULWXTXHOOHYyDOMXULV
WDSRODFR5iSKDHO/HPNLQLQVSLUDGRUGHOD
UHGDFFLyQGHOD&RQYHQFLyQGHDUH
IOH[LRQDUVREUHODFDWHJRUtDJUX SRQDFLRQDO
FXDQGRSHQVDEDHQORVMXGtRVGH3RORQLD
LQYHVWLJDGRULVUDH
OtSODQWHDHQXQJUDQDUWtFXORTXH/HPNLQ
SRODFR \M XGtRQRHV WDED SHQVDQGRH Q
ORVM XGtRV SRO DFRV DVHVLQDGRVSRU HO QD
]LVPRFRPR HVFLQGLGRV GH VX LGHQ WLGD G
QDFLRQ DOSRODFD 3DUD pOHOJHQRFL GLRH Q
HVHSDtVIXHFR QWUD ODQD FLyQ SRODFDHQ
WHQGLGDFRPRXQFRQMXQWRGHJUXSRVKHWH
URJpQHRVGRQGHHOHUDFDWyOLFRVORV
MXGtRVFRQVWLWXtDQHO\XQSRUFHQWDMH
LPSRUWDQWHWDPELpQHUDGHDOHPDQHVpWQL
FRVUXVRVHWF/DGHVWUXFFLyQJHQRFLGDGH
ODQDFLyQSRODFDUHPLWtDDODGHVWUXFFLyQGH
HVDIRUPDSOXUDOTXHLPSOLFDEDHVDQDFLyQ
TXHFRQWHQtDWRGDVHVDVSDUWLFXODULGDGHV
UHHPSOD]iQGRODSRUXQD3RORQLDQXHYDpW
QLFD\UHOLJLRVDPHQWHPiVKRPRJpQHD
1DFLyQSRODFD\DQRH[SUHVDEDORPLV
PRVLQORVMXGtRV\ORVFLHQWRVGHPLOHVGH
SRODFRVQRMXGtRVDVHVLQDGRVDGHPiVGH
ORVDOHPDQHVpWQLFRVGHSRUWDGRVGHVSXpV
GH3RORQLDGHDQWHVGHODJXHUUDWH
QtDX QDLGHQWLGDG GHVSXpVG HODJXHU UD
FRQHOH[WHUPLQLRVLVWHPiWLFR\SODQLILFDGR
GHSDUWHGHVXSREODFLyQWHQtDRWUD
$OVKHKVXJLHUHTXH/HPNLQSLHQVDJUX
SRQD FLRQD OHQ HVWHVHQWLGR $GLIHUHQF LD
GHOFULPHQGHGHVQDFLRQDOL]DFLyQGHVWUXF
FLyQGHXQ SDWUyQQDFL RQDOHOJHQRFLGLR
LPSOLFDWD PELpQ OD LPSRVLFLyQGHO SDWUyQ
QDFLRQDOGHOYHQFHGRUFRQFDPELRVGHPR
JUiILFR VTXH SHUVLVWHQPiV DOOi GHOUH VXO
5HSRUWDMHD&DUORV6OHSR\5HYLVWDGH(VWXGLRVVREUH*HQRFLGLR18QLYHUVLGDGGH7UHVGH)HEUHUR
5HYLVWDGH(VWXGLRVVREUH*HQRFLGLR18QLYHUVLGDGGH7UHVGH)HEUHUR
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
87
WDGR GHODJXH UUD &XDQGRSU RSRQH SDUD
OD&RQYHQFLyQHVWDFDWHJRUtD/HPNLQHVWi
SHQVD QGR HQDOJR PXFK RPi VFR PSOHMR
TXHH OVR ORDQLTXLODPLHQWRW RWDO RSDUFLDO
GHXQDQDFLyQFRQTXLVWDGDHQXQDJXHUUD
(VWi GLFLH QGR GHDOJXQDPDQ HUD TXH HO
JHQRFLGLRFRQWUDORVMXGtRVSRODFRVIXHXQ
JHQRFLGLRQDFLRQDOFRQWUD3RORQLDSRUTXH
3RORQLDVLQORVMXGtRV\VX LPSURQWDH QOD
VRFLHGDGHUDRWUD(VDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQYtD
H[WHUPLQLRHVJHQRFLGLRQDFLRQDO
/RVOD]RVSDUDSHQVDUHVWRHQUHODFLyQ
FRQOD$UJHQWLQD\FRQHFWDUFRQHOSODQWHR
GHOMXH]*DU]yQVHYDQKDFLHQGRYLVLEOHV
«OD FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHJUXSR QD
FLRQDOHVDEVROXWDPHQWHYiOLGDSDUD
DQDOL]DUORVK HFKRVR FXUULGRVHQOD
$UJHQ WLQD GDGRTXHO RVS HUSHWUD
GRUHV VHS URSRQHQGHVWUXLU XQ GH
WHUPLQDGRWUDPDGRGHODVUHODFLRQHV
VRFLDOHVHQXQ(VWDGRSDUDSURGXFLU
XQDPRGLILFDFLyQORVXILFLHQWHPHQ
WHVXVWDQFLDOSDUDDOWHUDUODYLGDGHO
FRQMXQWR«
(OJHQRFLGLR\PiVSUHFLVDPHQWHHQOD
WLSRORJtDSURSXHVWDSRU'DQLHO)HLHUVWHLQHO
JHQRFLGLRUHRUJDQL]DGRULQWHQWDGHVFULELU
ORVSURFHVRVGHDQLTXLODPLHQWRHQ/DWLQR
DPpULFDHQHOPDUFR GHO D'RF WULQDGHOD
6HJX ULG DG 1DF LRQ DOED MR HVW H IRUPDWR 
SODQLIL FDFLyQ VLVWHPDWL]DF LyQLQWHQWR SRU
PRGLILFDUUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\HQHOFDVR
SDUWLFXODUGHOD$UJHQWLQDGHIRUPDPXFKR
PiVDPELFLRVDWUDQVIRUPDUODHVWUXFWXUD
HFRQyP LFRVR FLDOHOSDWUyQ GHDFXPXOD
FLyQODFRUUHODFLyQGHIXHU]DVSROtWLFDV\HO
HQWUDPDGRFXOWXUDO7RGRHQHOPDUFRGHOD
OXFKDFRQWLQHQWDOFRQWUDHOFRPXQLVPR
&LWDQGRRWUDYH]D&DUORV6OHSR\
«/DWpFQLFDGHOJHQRFLGLRHVGLVWLQ
WDDODWpF QLFDGHOFULPHQF RQWUD OD
KXPDQLGDG(QODWpFQLFDGHOJHQR
FLGLR KD\ XQD SROtWLFDGL DJUDP DGD
FRQREMHWRGHHVWDEOHFHUXQDHVWUXF
WXUDGHWHUPLQDGDSDUDGHVDSDUHFHU
DORVGLVWLQWRV JUXSRV TXH FRPSR
QHQDODQDFLyQ3RUHMHPSORDWUDYpV
GHORVFDPSRVGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQGH
ODW RUWX UDVLVWHPiWL FDSDUDOD E~V
TXHGDGHLQIRUPDFLyQSHUVRQDSRU
SHUVRQD'HDKtODVLPLOLWXGHVHQFLDO
HQWUHHOJHQRFLGLRQD]L\HODUJHQWL
QRRHOODWLQRDPHULFDQRHQPXFKRV
GH V XV P~O WL SO HVH MH PS ORV« ( Q
WpUPLQRV MXUtGLFRVFXDQGRVHKDEOD
GHFU tPHQHVFRQ WUDODKX PDQLGDG
ORV VXM HWRV SD VLYRVGHO GHO LWR VRQ
ORVP~OWLSOHVLQGLYLGXRVTXHHQPH
GLRGH XQDWDTXHJHQH UDOL]DGRVRQ
REMHWR GHDVHVLQDWR(QHOFDVR GH
JHQRFLGLR ORVVXMHWRVSDVLYRVGHOD
DFFLy QFULPLQ DOVRQ ORV LQGL YLGX RV
SHUR ORVVXMHWR VSDVL YRVGHOGHOLWR
VRQORVJUXSRVHQORVTXHHVWRVLQ
GLYLGXRVHVWiQLQWHJUDGRV(VWDVVRQ
EiVLFDPHQWHODVGLIHUHQFLDVFRQODV
TXHQRVSRGHPRVPDQHMDU
3HGLUFRQGHQDSRUJHQRFLGLRDSHODQGR
DODDGVFULSFLyQGH$UJHQWLQDDOD&RQYHQ
FLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOWRPDQGRFRPRMXULVSUX
GHQFLDHODQiOLVLVGH*DU]yQGHJHQRFLGLR
FRQWUDXQJUXSRQDFLRQDOWLHQHWDQWDHQWL
GDGOHJDOFRPRODDFXVDFLyQGHOHVDKXPD
QLGDG$GHPiVVHHVWDUtDDFXVDQGRSRUHO
FULPHQTXHVHFRPHWLy\QRSRURWUDFRVD
/RVIDOORVGHOD&RUWH6XSUHPDHQORV
FDVRVGHOFKL OHQR$UDQFLEL D&ODYHO\-XOLR
6LPyQUHDILUPDQTXHGHWHUPLQDGRVGHOL
WRVVR QGH OHVDKXPDQLG DG\ SRUORWDQWR
LPSUHVFULSWLEOHV$HIHFWRVGHJDUDQWL]DUOD
SHQD HVHO DQWHFHGHQWH OHJDOSDUD ODSR
VLELOLGDGGHODUHDOL]DFLyQGHORVMXLFLRVHQ
$UJHQWLQD 6 OHSR\HQH VHVHQWLGR SOD Q
)UDJPHQWRGHODXWRGHSURFHVDPLHQWRGHO-XH]%DOWDVDU*DU]yQGHOGH1RYLHPEUHGH0DGULG(VSDxD
3DUDYHUODWLSRORJtDGHORVWLSRVGHJHQRFLGLR'DQLHO)HLHUVWHLQ(O*HQRFLGLR«REFLW3ULPHUDSDUWHFDStWXOR,,
&DUORV6OHSR\HQWUHYLVWD
$UDQFLELD&ODYHOIXHXQDJHQWHGHLQWHOLJHQFLDGHOD',1$FKLOHQDTXHWXYRDFDUJRDVHVLQDWRVHQ$UJHQWLQDGHH[L
OLDGRVFKLOHQRVSRUPDQGDWRGHVXJRELHUQR$GHPiVVHDU WLFXOyFRQHODSDUDWRUHSUHVLYRORFDO-XOLR6LPyQDOLDV
88
Revista de Estudi os sobre Genocidio
WHDTXHOD&RUWH6XSUHPDDILUPDTXHHOORV
FRPHWL HURQ FUtPH QHVG HOHVDKXPDQLGD G
SHURQRTXHHVWpWLSLILFDQGRWRGRVORVGH
OLWRVTXHWXYLHURQOXJDUGXUDQWHODGLFWDGX
UD(OILVFDO$ODJLDWLHQHXQDRSLQLyQGLIH
UHQWH (QWL HQGH TXHHOIDOORVtKDEODGH OD
GLFWDGXUDPLOLWDUSHURSURSRQHODILJXUDGH
JHQRFLGLRFRPRHOGHOLWRPiVJUDYHGHORV
&UtPHQHVFRQWUDOD+XPDQLGDGGHODPLV
PDPDQHUDTXHHVWiSODQWHDGRHQODMXULV
SUXGHQFLDLQWHUQDFLRQDO
$ODJLDSODQWHD
(QODGRFW ULQD \MXULVSUX GHQFLD
LQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHVGRPLQDQWHODRSL
QLyQ VR EUH HO FDUiFWHU FXDO LILF DGR
GHOJHQRFLGLRUHVSHFWRDO GHOLWRGH
OHVDKXPDQLGDGHQUD]yQDODILQD
OLGDGG HORVSHUSHWUDGRUHV GHGHV
WUXLU XQJU XSRKXPDQR HQWUHODSR
EODFLyQGHXQSDtV
4XHHOGHOLWRGHJHQRFLG LRVHD
XQDFDWHJRUtDHVSHFLDOGHFULPHQGH
OHVDKXPDQLGDGHV Pi[LPDLPSRU
WDQFLD SRUTXHORVIDOORV ´$UDQFLELD
&ODYHOµ \´6LPyQµ DO FDOL ILFDUE DMR
HVWDFDWHJRUtDORVFUtPHQHVFRPH
WLGRV SRUOD GLF WDGXUDP LOLWDUHQWUH
KDELOLWDURQHO ~QLFR SR
VLEO HP DUFR OH JDO\ FRQVWLW XFLR QDO
SDUDHOHMHUFLFLRGHODDFFLyQSHQDO
FRQWUDORVDFXVDGRV
6LHVWiG HP RV WU DG R T XH OR V
DFXVDGR VSDUWLFLSDUR QHQO DHMHFX
FLyQVLVWHPDWL]DGDGHGHWHQFLRQHV
PDVLYDVHQFDPSRVGHFRQ FHQWUD
FLyQRUJDQL]DGRVSRUXQDGLFWDGXUD
PLOLWDUVLVHSUREyTXHLQWHUYLQLHURQ
HQDSOLFDFL RQHV JH QHUD OL]D GDVGH
WRUPHQW RV \ TX HREOLJDE DQ D SD
GHFH UJ UDYH VVXIU LPLH QWRV SVtTX L
FRV\ItVL FRVD ORVSULVLRQHUR V\ VL
DGHPiV VHGHPRVWUyTXHORVDFX
VDGRVWDPELpQSDUWLFLSDURQHQ HMH
FXFLRQHVWDPELpQPDVLYDVHOGHOLWR
TXHFRPHWHQHVXQ FULPHQGHOHVD
KXPDQLGDGHVWDEOHFLGRHQODQRUPD
LQGHURJDEOHGHGHUHFKRLQWHUQDFLR
QDO FRQ VXHWXGL QDULRFRQW HQLGDHQ
HODU WFGHOD&DUW DGHO7ULEXQDO
GH1XUHPEHUJ(QODDFWXDOLGD GHV
GHUHFKRYLJHQWHHQHOSD tVHO DUW
GHO(VWDWXWRGH5RPDTXHGHVFULEH
ODPLVPDFRQGXFWD
3HUR VLHQHOMXLFLR WDPELpQVH
DFUHG LWy LQHT XtYRFDPHQ WHTXH ORV
DFXVDGR VVDEtDQTXHSDUWLFL SDEDQ
HQXQSODQVLVWHPiWLFRGHGHVWUXF
FLyQWRWDORSDUFLDOGHXQJUXSRKX
PDQRGHODSRE ODFLyQ GHO SDt V OD
SURKLELFLyQSHQDOTXHVHDIHFWDHVWi
FRQWHQLGDHQHOGHOLWRGHOHVDKXPD
QLGDGPi VJ UDYH H OGHJH QRFL GLR
GHODUW,,GHOD&RQYHQFLyQGHO
&RPRGHOLWRGHOHVDKXPDQL
GDG HO JHQ RFLGLR HVWiL QFOX LGRHQ
HODUW EGHOD&RQYHQFLyQVREUH
LPS UHV FUL SWL ELO LGD G GH  \DVt
WDPELpQVHGHFODUyHQHO&XDUWRLQ
IRUPHVREUHHOSUR\HFWRGH&yGLJR
GH&UtPHQHVFRQWUDOD3D ]\OD6H
JXULGDGGHOD+XPDQLGDGGHOD&R
PLVLyQGH'HUHFKR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH
ODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVHOGHPDU]R
GH
(VIXQGDPHQWDOODGLVSXWDSRUODFDUi
WXODODVIRUPDVGHODDFXVDFLyQ\ORVIDOORV
FRPR YtDVGH FRQVWUXFFLy QGHOD YHUGDG
KLVWyULFD \OD PHP RULD FROHFWLYD1RVROR
SRUVtPLVPDVVLQRWDPELpQSRUODQ HFH
VLGDGGHDPSOLDUODVDFXVDFLRQHVDJUXSRV
FLYLOHV TXH HQ SRGHU GHO (VW DGR IXHURQ
SDUWHQHFHVDULDGHODVSUiFWLFDVJHQRFLGDV
´(O7XUFR-XOLiQµIXHXQRGHORVUHSUHVRUHVPDVHPEOHPiWLFRVTXHSDVySRUYDULRV&&'GHODGLFWDGXUD&RQRFLGR
SRUVXVLPSDWtDVQD]LV\VXSHUYHUVLGDGFRQORVSULVLRQHURV
7DQWRHQFRPRHQ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH OD&RUWH6XSUHPDOHV DSOLFDODMXULVSUXGHQF LDLQWHUQDFLRQDOVREUH
ODLPSUHVFULSW LELOLGDGGHFU tPHQHVGHOHVD KXPDQLGDGDE ULHQGRODSXHU WDSDUDXVDUH VDILJXUDHQHO UHVWRGHORV
MXLFLRVDORVUHSUHVRUHV+R\DPERVHVWiQIDOOHFLGRV
(QWUHYLVWDS
3DUDYHUODWLSRORJtDGHORVWLSRVGHJHQRFLGLR'DQLHO)HLHUVWHLQ(O*HQRFLGLR«REFLW3ULPHUDSDUWHFDStWXOR,,
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
89
(VWH GHEDW HDSXQ WD D OD SRVLEL OLGDG
GHMX]JDU\F RQGHQ DUS RUORVGHOLWRVTXH
UHDOPHQWHVHFRPHWLHURQ\QRGHVOHJLWLPD
FRQGHQDV\DUHDOL]DGDV RSRUUHDOL]DUVH
6L WRPDPRV O DR SLQ LyQGH $ODJL D DO VHU
JHQRFLGLRSDUWHGHORV FUtPHQHVFRQWUD OD
KXPDQLGDGDUJXPHQWRIXHU WHDQLYHOMXUt
GLFRSHURDOJRGpELOFRQFH SWXDOPHQWHQR
KDEUtDSUREOHPDVHQVXXVR
(OMXH]&DUORV5R]DQVNL IXH TXL HQL Q
DXJXUyODFDOLILFDFLyQGHJHQRFLGLRHQORV
MXLFLRV HQ $UJHQWLQ D SDUD UH IHUL UVH D ORV
FUtP HQH VMX]J DGR VHQ ORVID OOR VFRQG H
QDWRUL RVFRQWUD HOVDFHUG RWH&ULVWL DQ9RQ
:HUQLFK\HOFRPLVDULR0LJXHO(WFKHFRODW]
([SXVRH VWDUIUHQWHD´&UtPHQHV FRQWUDOD
+XPDQLGDGHQHOPDUFRGHXQJHQRFLGLRµ
6RQIyUPXODVMXUtGLFDVSRVLEOHVTXHLQVWD
ODQHOWHPDGHODYHUGDGHUDFDOLILFDFLyQGH
ORTXHRFXUULyHQ$UJHQWLQD\TXHQRDQXODQ
HOGHEDWHWHyULFRMXUtGLFR\SROtWLFRVREUHVL
ODVILJXUDVGHOHVDKXPDQLGDG\JHQRFLGLR
VRQRSXHVWDVRFRPSOHPHQWDULDVFRPROR
PDUFDHO GHUHF KRL QWHUQ DFLRQ DO $ODJ LD
KDFLHQGRXQDEUHYHKLVWRULDGHOXVRGHOGH
UHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRQUHODFLyQDFUtPHQHV
GHOHVDKXPDQLGDG\JHQRFLGLRSRQGHUDHO
SDSHOGHORVIDOORVGH5R]DQVNL
-XVWLFLDLQWHUQDFLRQDO
/DFDUiWXODFRQTXHVHMX]JDQGLYHUVRV
GHOLWRVHQiPELWRVQDFLRQDOHVHLQWHUQDFLR
QDOHVHVWHPDGHLQWHUpVSDUDORV(VWDGRV
GHOPXQ GRGHVDUUROODGR(QODOXF KDFRQ
FHSWXDOWDPELpQVHOLEUDQEDWDOODVHQHVWH
FDVR FRQWUD IRUPDVG HFRORQL DOLVPRT XH
LPSDFWD QHQO DLPSRVLELOLG DGGH FRQVWUXLU
XQD YR] DXWyQRPD HQQXHVW URULQFy QGH O
PXQGRDFHUFDGHORVSURFHVRVYLYLGRV
*DU]yQDFXVDSRUJHQRFLGLR\FRPLHQ
]DHOSURFHVRFRQWUDHOPDULQR$GROIR6FL
OLQJRHQ(QHOOD$XGLHQFLD1D
FLRQDO(VSDxRODORFRQGHQDSRUGHOLWRVFD
UDWXODGRVQRFRPRJHQRFLGLRVLQRFRPR
FUtPHQHVGHOHVDKXPDQLGDG
(Q(VSD xDWLH QHLQVFULSWRHQVX
FyGLJR SHQDO HOGHOLWRGHJHQRFLGLR'HV
SXpVGHODWHQWDGRDODV7RUUHV*HPHODV\
HOFRPLHQ]RGHODJXHUUDFRQWUD,UDN\$IJD
QLVWiQGHODTXH(VSDxDEDMRODSUHVLGHQ
FLDGHOFRQVHUYDGRU$]QDUSDUWLFLSDUiDFWL
YDPHQWHVHSURGXFHXQDPRGLILFDFLyQHQ
VXFyGLJRSHQDOLQFRUSRUDQGRHOFULPHQGH
OHVDKXPDQLGDG/HMR VGHWHRUtDVFRQVSL
UDWLYDVKD\WHQGHQFLDVTXHVHLPSRQHQHQ
HOPXQGRGHVDUUROODGR\VHSRWHQFLDQHQOD
QXHYDHUDTXHQDFLyFRQODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHV
SUHYHQ WLYDV\ KXPDQ LWDULD V3DQDPi,UDN
6RPDOLD %RVQL D .R VRY R D UWL FXO iQG R
VHOXHJRFRQODOXFKDFRQ WUDHOW HUURULVPR 
SRVWHULRUDVHWLHPEUHGH
6LPLUDPRVDOJXQRVSURFHVRVHQFLHU
QHVHQHO7ULEXQDO3HQDO,QWHUQDFLRQDOYHUH
PRVTXHDVtFRPRGHVGH((88VHLQWHQWy
LPSRQHUHOFRQFHSWRGHJXHU UDVXFLD SDUD
´(VWDGLIHUH QFLDFLyQGDU tDOXJDUPiV WDUGHDOVX UJLPLHQWRGHO FRQFHSWRGH JHQRFLGLR FRPRHVSHFLIL FLGDGGHXQ
PRGRGHGHVWUXFFLyQTXHQRVHSURSR QHXQDDFFLyQGLULJLGDFRQWUDLQGLYL GXRVVHDQpVWRVPLOLWDUHVRFLYLOHV VLQR
FX\RREMHWLYRVHUiODGHVWUXFFLyQGHXQJUXSRSULPHUDILJXUDGHOGHUHFKRPRGHUQRTXHQRUHILHUHSRUORWDQWRDVX
HVWUXFWXUDFLyQF OiVLFDODVYLROD FLRQHVFRPHWLGDV FRQWUDLQGLYLGXRV VLQRDXQSULQF LSLRPXFKRPiVLQ WHUHVDQWH\
FRQIOLFWLYRSDUDHOGHUHFKRSHQDOFRPRVRQORV¶JUXSRV·µ)DOORFRQGHQDWRULRGHOMXH]5R]DQVNLHQHOMXLFLRD0LJXHO
(WFKHFRODW]
´(VWHPD\RUFRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHODSULPDFtDGHQRUPDVGHGHUHFKRLQWHUQDFLRQDOS~EOLFRFRQYHQFLRQDORFRQVXHWX
GLQDULRHQHOGHUHFKRLQWHUQRLQLFLDVXGHVDUUROORDODPDGXUH]KDFHGRVGpFDG DVFRQHOYRWRGH/HRSROGR6FKLIIULQ
HQHOSURFHVRGHH [WUDGLFLyQGH6FKZD PPEHUJHUHQ6 HFRQWLQ~DFRQHOI DOORGHOD&RUWH6X SUHPDVREUHOD
H[WUDGLFLyQGHRWURFULPLQDOGHJXHUUD(ULFK3ULHENHHQ\FRQHOIDOORHQODFDXVD6LPyQ-XOLR'HO
&HUUR-XDQ$QWRQLRVVXVWUDFFLyQGHPHQRUHVGHIHFKDGHDEULOGHHQHOTXHGHILQLWLYDPHQWHVHFRQVLGHUy
YiOLGRDSOLFDU FDOLILFDFLRQHV GHGHOLWRVGHG HUHFKRLQWHUQDFL RQDO\YiOLGRW DPELpQUHFXUULU DODOH\GRPpVW LFDSDUD
GHWHUPLQDUODVUHVSH FWLYDVSHQDV&RQSR VWHULRULGDGDORVSU HFHGHQWHV$UDQFLELD &ODYHO\6LPyQGH ORVDxRV
\UHVSHFWLYDPHQ WHHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGH HO7ULEXQDO2UDO)HG HUDO1GHODFLXGDGGH/ D3ODWD
GLFWyVHQWHQFL DFRQGHQDWRULD FRQWUD0LJXHO (WFKHFRODW]S RUKHFKRVGHK RPLFLGLRWRUP HQWRV\SULYDFL RQHVGHOD
OLEHUWDGFDOLILFiQGRVHORVFRPRGHOLWRGHOHVDKXPDQLGDGFRQHVSHFLDOUHIHUHQFLDDODILJXUDGHOGHOLWRGHJHQRFLGLR
DOFRQVLGHU DUVHTXHOD VJUDYHVYL RODFLRQHVD ORVGHUHFK RVKXPDQRV GHODVYtFW LPDVIXHURQ FRPHWLGDV PDVLYD\
VLVWHPiWLFDPHQWHVREUHXQ JUXSRQDFLRQDOGHODSREO DFLyQFLYLOFRQODLQWHQFL yQGHGHVWUXLUORWRWDORSD UFLDOPHQWH
FIU3XQWR,9GHOYRWRGH&DUORV5R]DQVNLµ$OHJDWRILVFDO$ODJLDS
90
Revista de Estudi os sobre Genocidio
H[SOLF DUORVXF HGLGRHQ $UJHQWLQD KR\ OD
FDUiWXODOHVDKXPDQLGDGVHEXVFDLPSRQHU
SDUDSURFHVRVTXHFODUDPHQWHVRQGHJH
QRFLGLR(VWDHVWUDQTXLOL]DGRUDSDUDDOJX
QRV(VWDGRVSRGHURVRV8QDFDWHJRUtDDP
ELJXDJHQHUDOTXHPX\H[FHSFLRQDOPHQWH
H[SUHVDORTXHUHDOPHQWHRFXUUHHQXQSUR
FHVR GHH[WHUPLQLR TXL ]iV VtSRGUtDPRV
SHQVDUD HVWD FDWHJRUtD FDOLILFDQGRD ODV
ERPEDVDWyPLFDVFRQWUD-DSyQHQHOVHQ
WLGRGHFUtPHQHVLQGLIHUHQFLDGRVTXHQXQFD
KDQVLGRMX]JDGRV\TXHDGHPiVSHUPLWH
VLQGLVFXVLyQMX]JDUDJUXSRVQRHVWDWDOHV
/RV FU tP HQ HVGH O HV D K XP DQLGD G
FRPR\DVHGLMRQRVRQQHFHVDULDPHQWHFR
PHWLGRVSRU(VWDGRVQDFLRQDOHV/DEDUUHUD
GLOXLGDGHODGHILQLFLyQGHSHUSHWUDGRUHV\
SUiFWLFDVHQXQDFDUiWXODTXHHOLPLQDDOJX
QDVGHODVJDUDQWtDVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHO
GHUHFKR SXHGH WHUPLQDUVLHQGRXQLQVWUX
PHQWRPiVSDUDORVLQWHUHVHVLPSHULDOLVWDV
(VFLHUWRWDPELpQTXHHQODGHILQLFLyQ
MXUtGLFDGHJ HQRFLGL RQRVHPHQF LRQDH[
SOtFLWDPHQWHDO(VWDGRFRPR ~QLFR HMHFX
WRUSRVLEOHSHURVH GLILFXOWDQRUHPLWLUVHD
ODDFFLyQHVWDWDOFXDQGRVHKDEODGHGHV
WUXFFLyQWRWDORSDUFLDOGHXQJUXSRHQIRUPD
SODQLILFDGD\VLVWHPiWLFD /DILJXUDGHJH
QRFLGLROLPLWDPiVTXHODGHOHVDKXPDQL
GDGODSRVLELOLGDGGHEDUUHUJDUDQWtDVEiVL
FDVGHOGHUHFKRSDUDFXDOTXLHUJUXSRFDtGR
HQGHV JUDFLDSRUORVIL VFDOHVGHO7ULEXQDO
3HQDO,QWHUQDFLRQDORSRUHO&RQVHMRGH6H
JXULGDG GH1DFLRQHV8QLGDVTXHVRQORV
~QLFRVTXHSXHGHQDEULUFDXVDVHQHO73,
8QDMXULVSUXGHQFLDFRQVWUXLGDSDUDMX]
JDU\ FRQGHQDUORV FUtPH QHVGHOQD]LVPR
SXHGHLUGHYLQLHQGR²FRQODEDMDDODSUH
FLVLyQ\ODDPSOLDFLyQGHSRVLEOHVVXMHWRVD
MX]JDU²HQXQLQVWUXPHQWRSRGHURVRSDUDMX
GLFLDOL]DUODSROtWLFDLQWHUQDFLRQDO/DUDSLGH]
FRQTXHHODUJHQWLQR/XLV0RUHQR2FDPSR
ILVFDOG HO7ULEXQDO3HQDO,QWHUQDFLRQDOVX
JLULy HQ PHGLRGHORVE RPEDUGHRVGHOD
27$1DEULUXQDFDXVDFRQWUDHO\DDVHVLQD
GR*KDGDILVRUSUHQGHVREUHWRGRFXDQGR
QRKD\FDXVDVDELHUWDVFRQWUDORV(VWDGRV
TXHRFXSDURQ$IJDQLVWiQH,UDNQLFRQWUDHO
(VWDGRFRORPELDQRSRUHOSDUDPLOLWDULVPR
FLWDQGRVRORDOJXQRVHMHPSORV
/RGHVFULSWRGLVWDGHORTXHVXFHGHHQ
ORVMXLFLRVHQ$UJHQWL QDVLQHPEDUJRQR
VHGHEHUtDQGHVFRQHFWDUQXHVWURVSURSLRV
GHEDWHVGHVX LPSOLFDQFLDLQWHUQDFLRQDO\
JHRSROtWLFD(OLQ WHQWR GHDOJXQRV JUXSRV
GHSURFHVDUSRUGHOLWRVGHOHVDKXPDQLGDG
DH[PLOLWDQWHVGHRUJDQL]DFLRQHVDUPDGDV
GH$UJHQWLQDHVSRVLEOHSRUODOD[LWXG GHO
FRQFHSWR0iVDOOiGHODVGLVWLQWDVRSLQLR
QHVVREUH FUtPHQHVFRPHWLG RVSRUHVWDV
HQ QXH VWU R SDV DGR UHFLHQWH  FRP SDU DU
ORVFR QORVGHODGLFWDGXUD \VDFDUORVGHO
iPELWRGHORVGHOLWRVFRPXQHVGHOFyGLJR
SHQDOWUDHVXVFRQVHFXHQFLDV6RORD\XGD
DUHYLWDOL]DUODWH RUtDGHO RVGRVGH PRQLRV
FX\DXWLOLGDGIXQGDPHQWDOIXH\HV TXHQR
SRGDPRVFRPSUHQGHU HQS URIXQ GLGDGHO
SURFHVRGHWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVHVWUXFWXUDOHV
\VLVW HPiWLFDVTXH UHDOL]DURQ ODV)XHU]DV
$UPDGDV\ORVVHFWRUHVGHSRGHUHFRQyPL
FRFRQFHQWUDGR
/HVD+XP DQLGDGGHMDHQWUHYHUODLGHD
GHODH[LVWHQFLDGHFUtPHQHVTXH´RIHQGHQ
DODKXPDQLGDGµ0iVDO OiGH ORDP ELJXD
TXHHVODFDWHJRUtD¢FXiQGRHVTXHODKX
PDQLGD GHV RIHQGLGDHQVX FRQMXQWR"7 L
UDQRVFUX HOHVTXHPDWDQDPDQVDOYDDVX
SREODFLyQHVXQDLPDJHQGHIiFLOGLIXVLyQ
HLPSDFWRJHQHUDOPHQWHWLUDQRVGHO7HUFHU
0XQGR1RVHYHQGHWUiVGHHVDDFXVDFLyQ
ORVERPEDUGHRVDODVFLXGDGHVMDSRQHVDV
DOHPDQDVQXQFDORVHUURUHVFRQPLOHVGH
PXHU WRV HQ ORV DW DTXH VD OD H[ RHV
ODYLDORV DWDTXH VD,UDNR $IJDQLVWiQODV
PDVD FUH VG H OD 6XG iIULFD GHOD SDUWKHL G
HQ$QJRODQ LODVRSHUDFLRQHVLVUD HOtHVHQ
*D]D /D KXPDQLG DG VH RIHQGH VROR HQ
FLHUWRVFDVRVFXDQGRODVSRWHQFLDVVHHUL
JHQHQVXQRPEUHPRVWUDQGRDOJ~QULQFyQ
GRQGHVHFRPHWHQFUtPHQHV FRQOD~QLFD
LQWHQFLyQGH XV DUODVLWXDFLyQSD UD ILQH V
TXHQDGDWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQWHUPLQDUFRQ
ODLQMXVWLFLD
/DOD[LWXGGH ODIL JXUDD\XGDDQRSR
GHU YHU OD VG HFLV LRQHVHVWD WDOH VF XDQGR
ODPX HUWH VHF RQYLHUWHH QXQDWHF QRORJtD
Los juicios a los represores en la Argentina: su importancia histórica y los debates que abren lesa humanidad y genocidio. Más que una discusión jurídica
91
SUHFLVDGHODTXHODEXURFUDFLDVHDSURSLD
SDUDWUDQVIRUPDUVRFLHGDGHVPXFKDVYH
FHVSRUPHGLRGHXQDLQJHQLHUtDVRFLDO
$FXVDUSRUJHQRFL GLRHVXQSHTXHxR
SDVRTXHFR ODERUD SDUDHQWHQGHUO RVKH
FKRV RFXU ULGRVHQQXH VWURSDtV\ TXH WDO
YH]D\XGHDDPSOLDUODDFXVDFLyQDRWURV
LJXDORPiVUHVSRQVDEOHVTXHORVTXHKR\
VRQMX]JDGRV7DPELpQHVD\XGDUDTXHHQ
HOPXQGRQRVHLPSRQJDGHOD PDQRG HO
UHSXGLRQDWXUDOD´FUtPHQHVTXHRIHQGHQD
ODKXPDQLGDGµHODYDQFHVREUHJDUDQWtDV
MXUtGLFDVSDUDMX]JDUDOHQHPLJRGHWXUQR
3RUVXSXHVWRTXHHVWDRSFLyQQRSXH
GHSRQHUHQGXGDODVFRQGHQDV\FUHHPRV
TXHQRORKDFH'HKDFHUORVHUtDXQFRVWR
LPSHQVDEOHGHSDJDU
/DVDWLVIDFFLyQGHODUHSDUDFLyQVLHP
SUHSDUFLDOMXQWRDOJUDQLPSDFWRTXHSUR
GXFHQ ORVMXLFLRV HQHOLQWHULRU²FRPR HQ
6DQW D) H 0HQG R]D 7X FXPi QR &D PSR
GH0D\R²GRQGHKDQHVWDGRGHVDUUROOiQ
GRVHVREUHWRGRFRQHOWUDEDMR\HOULHVJR
GHVREUHYLY LHQW HV HV XQD GH OD VF RQVH
FXHQ FLDV Pi VL PSRU WDQW HV \V LOHQFLRVDV
GHHVWRVSURFHVRV(QPXFKDVORFDOLGDGHV
VHURPSHFRQGpFDGDVGHVLOHQFLRPLHGR
\WULVWH]DTXHSDUHFtDQVLQILQ(VWHDVSHF
WR\HOYHU DGHWHUPLQDGRVSHUVR QDMHVVL
QLHVWURV VHQ WDGRVREHGLH QWHP HQWH HQHO
EDQTXLOORGH ORVDFXVDGRVFRQWULEX\HQD
FHUUDUSDXODWLQDPHQWHODVKHULGDVVRFLDOHV
TXHVXSXUDQ\DIRUWDOHFHUFDGDOXFKDSRU
XQSDtVPiVMXVWR)

Para continuar leyendo

Solicita tu prueba

VLEX utiliza cookies de inicio de sesión para aportarte una mejor experiencia de navegación. Si haces click en 'Aceptar' o continúas navegando por esta web consideramos que aceptas nuestra política de cookies. ACEPTAR