Reunión del G 20 en Londres, abril 2009

• Autor: Mirador Internacional

A Puntos consensuados

Los puntos consensuados en el encuentro del G-20 en Gran Bretaña

Como pretendía EE.UU., se aprobó un plan de estímulo de US$ 1 billón para combatir crisis: será a través de fondos extra para entidades como el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y el Banco Mundial (BM). Los países aportarán US$ 500.000 millones adicionales para el Fondo, más 250.00 millones en Derechos Especiales de Giro del FMI y otros 250.000 millones para financiar el comercio.

Se aportará a la economía mundial US$ 5 billones adicionales hasta finales de 2010.

Como abogaban Francia y Alemania, se endurecerá la normativa financiera: habrá más vigilancia a fondos inversión y agencias calificadoras de riesgo.

Tras la polémica de AIG y después de algunas manifestaciones de repudio en Gran Bretaña, se regularán los salarios y bonificaciones de los banqueros.

Hubo acuerdo sobre la necesidad de "actuar urgentemente" para concluir la Ronda de Doha de liberalización del comercio mundial.

Tras la presión de la OCDE (el denominado Club de los países desarrollados), se acordó crear listas negras de paraísos fiscales.

Habrá una nueva cumbre del G20 en Nueva York después de la próxima Asamblea General de la ONU en septiembre, según anunció el presidente francés, Nicolás Sarkozy.

El FMI venderá su oro para ayudar a los países pobres

Como buscaban los países emergentes habrá cambios en el FMI y BM: el director gerente del FMI y el presidente del BM; serán designados por méritos y ya no por el acuerdo tácito que atribuía la jefatura del primero a un europeo y la del segundo a un estadounidense

Texto del Consenso de Londres

1. We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 2009.

2. We face the greatest challenge to the world economy in modern times; a crisis which has deepened since we last met, which affects the lives of women, men, and children in every country, and which all countries must join together to resolve. A global crisis requires a global solution.

3. We start from the belief that prosperity is indivisible; that growth, to be sustained, has to be shared; and that our global plan for recovery must have at its heart the needs and jobs of hard-working families, not just in developed countries but in emerging markets and the poorest countries of the world too; and must reflect the interests, not just of today’s population, but of future generations too. We believe that the only sure foundation for sustainable globalisation and rising prosperity for all is an open world economy based on market principles, effective regulation, and strong global institutions.

4. We have today therefore pledged to do whatever is necessary to:

   • restore confidence, growth, and jobs;

   • repair the financial system to restore lending;

   • strengthen financial regulation to rebuild trust;

   • fund and reform our international financial institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones;

   • promote global trade and investment and reject protectionism, to underpin prosperity; and

   • build an inclusive, green, and sustainable recovery.

   By acting together to fulfil these pledges we will bring the world economy out of recession and prevent a crisis like this from recurring in the future.

5. The agreements we have reached today, to treble resources available to the IMF to $750 billion, to support a new SDR allocation of $250 billion, to support at least $100 billion of additional lending by the MDBs, to ensure $250 billion of support for trade finance, and to use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales for concessional finance for the poorest countries, constitute an additional $1.1 trillion programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world economy. Together with the measures we have each taken nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery on an unprecedented scale.

Restoring growth and jobs

6. We are undertaking an unprecedented and concerted fiscal expansion, which will save or create millions of jobs which would otherwise have been destroyed, and that will, by the end of next year, amount to $5 trillion, raise output by 4 per cent, and accelerate the transition to a green economy. We are committed to deliver the scale of sustained fiscal effort necessary to restore growth.

7. Our central banks have also taken exceptional action. Interest rates have been cut aggressively in most countries, and our central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies for as long as needed and to use the full range of monetary policy instruments, including unconventional instruments, consistent with price stability.

8. Our actions to restore growth cannot be effective until we restore domestic lending and international capital flows. We have provided significant and comprehensive support to our banking systems to provide liquidity, recapitalise financial institutions, and address decisively the problem of impaired assets. We are committed to take all necessary actions to restore the normal flow of credit through the financial system and ensure the soundness of systemically important institutions, implementing our policies in line with the agreed G20 framework for restoring lending and repairing the financial sector.

9. Taken together, these actions will constitute the largest fiscal and monetary stimulus and the most comprehensive support programme for the financial sector in modern times. Acting together strengthens the impact and the exceptional policy actions announced so far must be implemented without delay. Today, we have further agreed over $1 trillion of additional resources for the world economy through our international financial institutions and trade finance.

10. Last month the IMF estimated that world growth in real terms would resume and rise to over 2 percent by the end of 2010. We are confident that the actions we have agreed today, and our unshakeable commitment to work together to restore growth and jobs, while preserving long-term fiscal sustainability, will accelerate the return to trend growth. We commit today to taking whatever action is necessary to secure that outcome, and we call on the IMF to assess regularly the actions taken and the global actions required.

11. We are resolved to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability and price stability and will put in place credible exit strategies from the measures that need to be taken now to support the financial sector and restore global demand. We are convinced that by implementing our agreed policies we will limit the longer-term costs to our economies, thereby reducing the scale of the fiscal consolidation necessary over the longer term.

12. We will conduct all our economic policies cooperatively and responsibly with regard to the impact on other countries and will refrain from competitive devaluation of our currencies and promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system. We will support, now and in the future, to candid, even-handed, and independent IMF surveillance of our economies and financial sectors, of the impact of our policies on others, and of risks facing the global economy.

Strengthening financial supervision and regulation

13. Major failures in the financial sector and in financial regulation and supervision were fundamental causes of the crisis. Confidence will not be restored until we rebuild trust in our financial system. We will take action to build a stronger, more globally consistent, supervisory and regulatory framework for the future financial sector, which will support sustainable global growth and serve the needs of business and citizens.

14. We each agree to ensure our domestic regulatory systems are strong. But we also agree to establish the much greater consistency and systematic cooperation between countries, and the framework of internationally agreed high standards, that a global financial system requires. Strengthened regulation and supervision must promote propriety, integrity and transparency; guard against risk across the financial system; dampen rather than amplify the financial and economic cycle; reduce reliance on inappropriately risky sources of financing; and discourage excessive risk-taking. Regulators and supervisors must protect consumers and investors, support market discipline, avoid...